Table 1. The characteristics of studies.
| Author | Year | Country | Study Type | Follow-up Years | Diagnostic criteria | Case group | Control group | Age (Mean ± SD) | Confounders adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Duo Wang | 2018 | China | Cohort Study | 10 years | ICD-9-CM | 16,718 | 33,436 | Case group: 42.46 ± 7.06 Control group: 43.22 ± 7.51 | Age, Hypertension, DM, Hyperlipidemia, COPD, CKD, IHD, HF, Stroke, Cancer, Obesity, Hypoestrogenism, Polycystic ovaries, Irregular menstrual cycle, Endometriosis, Uterine leiomyoma, Cushing’s syndrome, Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter, Acquired hypothyroidism, Anxiety, Depression, Urbanization level, Insured premium |
| Lauren Anne Wise | 2018 | United States and Canada. | Cohort Study | 4 years | Men during the preconception period and aged ≥21 years | 1176 | Normal male | 31 | Physician diagnosis and MDI score |
| Sydney Kaye Willis | 2019 | North American | Cohort Study | 5 years | Female participants aged 21–45 years attempting pregnancy | 6873 | Normal Female | 29.9 | Physician diagnosis and MDI score |
| Jinyan Zhao | 2023 | US | Cross- sectional Study | 5 years | the question RHQ074 (the reproductive health questionnaire) | 248 | 1572 | Case group: 31.8 Control group: 31.7 | |
| Pin-Yao Lin | 2022 | China | the Nested Case-Control Study | 16 years | ICD-9-CM | 1607 | 3214 | none | OSA, Urbanization, Length of hospital stays, Overweight and obesity, Hyperlipidemia, Asthma, COPD, Chronic liver diseases, Chronic kidney diseases, Major psychiatric disorders, Minor psychiatric disorders |
| Zhu Wei Lim | 2021 | China | Case-Control Study | 13 years | ICD-9-CM | 1946 | 3892 | Case group: 32.19 ± 6.20 Control group: 32.24 ± 6.37 | Insured premium, IHD, Cancer, Obesity, Hyperestrogenism, Polycystic ovaries, Irregular menstrual cycle, Endometriosis, Uterine leiomyoma, Anxiety, Depression, Season, Urbanization level, Level of care |
| Zhu Liang | 2022 | US | Cross- sectional Study | 3 years | the question RHQ074 (the reproductive health questionnaire). | 212 | 1963 | Case group: 34.13 (6.69) Control group: 30.39 (8.06) | Bedtime,Waketime, Sleep duration (hours), Age, BMI, Poverty level index, Physical activity, Education,Race, Marital status Cotinine |
| Yi-Han Jhuang | 2021 | China | Case-control population-based study | 13 years | ICD-9-CM | 4607 | 18428 | Case group: 34.18 (5.44) Control group: 34.28 (5.81) | Age,Hypertension, Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, COPD, CKD, CAD, CHF, Liver cirrhosis, Stroke, Cancer, Obesity, Epilepsy, HBV, HCV, Anxiety, Depression |
Notes: Abbreviations: HR, Hazard ratio; RM, Recurrent miscarriage group; RIF, Recurrent implantation failure group; OSA, Obstructive sleep apnea; DM, Diabetes mellitus; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; IHD, Ischemic heart disease; HF, Heart failure; MDI, the Major Depression Inventory; CAD, Coronary artery disease; CHF, Congestive heart failure; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; HCV, Hepatitis C virus.