TABLE 1.
Characteristics of mice fed a high-fat high-fructose diet with added cholesterol
| Parameters | BD | HFHF+no cholesterol | HFHF+0.2% cholesterol | HFHF+0.6% cholesterol | HFHF+2% cholesterol |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (g) | 31.6±0.5 | 40.6±1.2a | 45.4±0.7b | 44.9±0.7b | 44.6±0.5b |
| Liver weight (g) | 1.2±0.03 | 2.1±0.19a | 3.7±0.08b | 3.6±0.14b | 4.1±0.15b |
| Epididymal adipose tissue weight (g) | 0.8±0.08 | 2.1±0.19a | 2.2±0.14 | 2.4±0.14 | 2.6±0.08c |
| AST (IU/L) | 61.3±12.2 | 138.9±14.7a | 253.6±48.4 | 220.9±27.6c | 277.0±37.0b |
| ALT (IU/L) | 22.6±1.8 | 122.4±11.4a | 263.6±26.6b | 264.0±39.4b | 258.6±37.7b |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 83.7±2.7 | 204.6±5.9a | 300.3±10.2b | 308.3±12.9b | 270±11.5b |
| Free fatty acid (uEQ/L) | 672.1±15.3 | 727.7±55.7 | 926.4±59.9c | 871.8±25.0c | 1016.9±49.5b |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 111.7±6.1 | 135.7±8.9a | 183.6±11.8 | 174.0±4.5 | 196.3±15.9c |
| Insulin (ng/mL) | 1.7±0.5 | 5.4±1.1a | 4.4±0.8 | 5.3±1.7 | 7.3±1.8 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.5±0.2 | 1.7±0.3a | 2.0±0.5 | 2.3±0.7 | 4.1±0.9c |
Note: Data are presented as the mean±SE (n=7–8). Significance was determined using Student t test.
a
p<0.05 versus BD group.
b
p<0.01 versus HFHF + no cholesterol group.
c
p<0.05 versus HFHF + no cholesterol group.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BD, basal diet; HFHF, high-fat high-fructose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.