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. 2023 Oct 26;186(22):4834–4850.e23. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.002
REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER
Antibodies

Anti-SND1 antibody (rabbit) Bethyl Cat# A302-883A, RRID:AB_10631268
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 antibody (rabbit) GeneTex Cat# GTX135732, RRID:AB_2909871
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) nucleocapsid antibody (rabbit) GeneTex Cat# GTX135357, RRID:AB_2868464
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP3 antibody (rabbit) GeneTex Cat# GTX135614, RRID:AB_2887505
Normal Rabbit IgG Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 2729, RRID:AB_1031062
Anti-SND1 antibody (mouse) Proteintech Cat# 60265-1-Ig, RRID:AB_2881386
Anti-SND1 antibody (rabbit) Proteintech Cat# 10760-1-AP, RRID:AB_2193410
Anti-dsRNA J2 antibody (mouse) Jena Bioscience RNT-SCI-10010200
Anti-FLAG (mouse) Sigma-Aldrich Cat# F3165, RRID:AB_259529
Anti-V5 (rabbit) Abcam Cat# ab9116, RRID:AB_307024
Anti-Actin (rabbit) Sigma Aldrich Cat# A2103, RRID:AB_476694

Bacterial and virus strains

SARS-CoV-2 Peterhoff et al.78 N/A

Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins

Dynabeads Protein G Thermo Fisher Scientific 10004D
T4 Polynucleotide Kinase New England Biolabs M0201L
FastAP Thermosensitive Alkaline Phosphatase Thermo Fisher Scientific EF0651
100% DMSO Sigma-Aldrich 41639
50% PEG8000 New England Biolabs B10045
T4 RNA ligase high concentration New England Biolabs M0437M
5 M NaCl VWR International A7006.1000
Proteinase K New England Biolabs P8107S
0.1 M DTT Thermo Fisher Scientific Y00147
Lithium Chloride Merck Millipore 5922-500ML
Dodecyl maltoside Carl Roth CN26.5
Sodium dodecyl sulphate Omnilab APP A3942.1000
Sodium deoxycholate Sigma-Aldrich 30970-25G
IGEPAL CA-630 Sigma-Aldrich I8896-100ML
Complete EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail Sigma Aldrich 11873580001
Murine RNase inhibitor New England Biolabs M0314L
Turbo DNase Thermo Fisher Scientific AM2239
EDTA VWR International A4892.1000
EGTA Carl Roth 3054.1
Urea Sigma-Aldrich U0631
TCEP Sigma-Aldrich 646547
16% Formaldehyde (w/v), Methanol-free Thermo Fisher Scientific 28908
4',6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole (DAPI) Thermo Fisher Scientific D1306
Fluoromount-G Mounting Medium Thermo Fisher Scientific 00495802
Dynabeads MyOne Streptavidin C1 Thermo Fisher Scientific 65002
Dynabeads MyOne Silane Thermo Fisher Scientific 37002D
AMPure XP beads Beckmann Coulter A63881
NHS-activated magnetic beads Thermo Fisher Scientific PIER88827
N-laroylsarcosine VWR International SAFSL7414-50ML
Benzonase Merck Millipore 71206-3
RNase I Thermo Fisher Scientific AM2295
ExoSAP-IT Thermo Fisher Scientific 78201.1.ML
SUPERase-In RNase Inhibitor Thermo Fisher Scientific AM2696
Trichloroacetic acid Sigma-Aldrich T0699-100ML
Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent Thermo Fisher Scientific 11668019
FuGene HD transfection reagent Promega E2311
NuPAGE 4-12% Bis-Tris Protein Gels Thermo Fisher Scientific NP0335BOX
NuPAGE 3-8% Tris-Acetate Protein Gels Thermo Fisher Scientific EA0378BOX
AffinityScript reverse transcriptase Agilent 600109
PowerUp SybrGreen master mix Thermo Fisher Scientific A25778
SsoAdvanced Universal SYBR Green Supermix Biorad Laboratories 1725272
4-Thiouridine Biosynth Carobsynth NT06186
Iodoacetamide Thermo Fisher Scientific A39271
Buffer RLT Qiagen 79261
Poly-A-Polymerase Takara 2180A
ATP New England Biolabs N0437A
SMARTscribe Reverse Transcriptase Takara 639538
Q5 Hot Start High-Fidelity 2x Master Mix New England Biolabs M0494L
Deoxynucleotide Mix Agilent Technologies 200415
Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Life Technologies 13778030
Anti-FLAG® M2 Magnetic Beads Merck Millipore M8823
Proteintech ChromoTek V5-Trap Magnetic Agarose Proteintech V5TMA
Triton-X 100 Sigma-Aldrich T9284-100ML
RNase H New England Biolabs M0297L
4x LDS sample buffer Thermo Fisher Scientific B0007
QX200 ddPCR EvaGreen Supermix BioRad 1864034
QX200 droplet generation oil for EvaGreen BioRad 1864006
2′-deoxythymidine-3′,5′-bisphosphate Biosynth NT09781
SND1 recombinant protein Origene TP300059
NSP9 recombinant protein Abcam ab289608

Critical commercial assays

Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit Thermo Scientific Cat# 23225
CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Promega G7571
Duolink in situ red starter kit Sigma Aldrich DUO92101-1KT
Duolink in situ detection reagents green Sigma Aldrich DUO92014-30RXN
HCR IHC + HCR RNA-FISH Kit Molecular Instruments N/A
Qubit dsDNA HS Kit Thermo Fisher Scientific Q32851
Direct-zol RNA MicroPrep Zymo Research R2063
RNA Clean & Concentrator-5 Zymo Research R1015
Zymoclean Gel DNA Recovery Kit Zymo Research D4007
NEB Next rRNA Depletion Kit v2 New England Biolabs E7400X
RED-MALEIMIDE 2nd Generation kit NanoTemper Technologies SKU: MO-L014

Deposited data

Illumina sequencing data This paper GEO: GSE217429
CoIP proteomics data This paper PRIDE: PXD037528
RAP-MS proteomics data This paper MassIVE: MSV000090682
Source code for quantification and statistical analysis This paper https://github.com/AlexGa/cRIP-eCLIP-workflow and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8304669

Experimental models: Cell lines

Human: Huh-7 cell line Virology Diagnostics Unit at Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg N/A
Human: Calu-3 cell line Virology Diagnostics Unit at Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg N/A
Human: A549ACE2 cell line A. Pichlmair N/A
African Green Monkey: Vero-E6-TMPRSS2 cell line S. Pöhlmann N/A
Human: HEK293T U. Fischer N/A

Oligonucleotides

RiL-19: /5Phos/rArGrArUrCrGrGrArArGrArGrCrArCrArCr
GrUrC/3SpC3/
van Nostrand et al.41 N/A
AR17: CAGACGTGTGCTCTTCCGA van Nostrand et al.41 N/A
Rand103Tr: /5Phos/NNNNNNNNNNAGATCGGAAGA
GCGTCGTGT/3SpC3/
van Nostrand et al.41 N/A
Universal forward PCR primer:
AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTCTTTC
CCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCT
van Nostrand et al.41; Illumina customer service letter N/A
Barcoded reverse PCR primer: CAAGCAGAAGACGG
CATACGAGATNNNNNNNNGTGACTGGAGTTCAGA
CGTGTGCTCTTCCGATCT
van Nostrand et al.41; Illumina customer service letter N/A
Biotinylated antisense probes Schmidt et al.8 N/A
HCR probes NegativeSense_N Molecular Instruments PRK126
ON-TARGETplus Human SND1 (27044) siRNA - SMARTpool Dharmacon L-010657-01-0005
ON-TARGETplus Human ACE2 (59272) siRNA - SMARTpool Dharmacon L-005755-00-0005
ON-TARGETplus Non-targeting Pool Dharmacon D-001810-10-20
Template-switching oligo: Biotin/TACACGACGCTCTT
CCGATCTrGrG + G
Basak et al.79 N/A
RT primer: CAGACGGCTCTTCCGATCTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTV-3′
This paper N/A
RdRP Fwd qPCR primer:
GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG
Corman et al.80 N/A
RdRP Rev qPCR primer:
CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA
Corman et al.80 N/A
N Fwd qPCR primer:
CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC
Corman et al.80 N/A
N Rev qPCR primer:
GAGGAACGAGAAGAGGCTTG
Corman et al.80 N/A
18S rRNA Fwd qPCR primer:
ATGGCCGTTCTTAGTTGGTG
Schmidt et al.8 N/A
18S rRNA Rev qPCR primer:
GAACGCCACTTGTCCCTCTA
Schmidt et al.8 N/A
SARS-CoV-2 leader Fwd qPCR primer:
CCCAGGTAACAAACCAACCAAC
This paper N/A
SARS-CoV-2 ORF1a (gRNA) Rev qPCR primer:
CTCGTTGAAACCAGGGACAAG
This paper N/A
SARS-CoV-2 M (sgmRNA) Rev qPCR primer:
GGTTCCATTGTTCAAGGAGCTT
This paper N/A
SARS-CoV-2 N (sgmRNA) Rev qPCR primer:
GTAATGCGGGGTGCATTTCG
This paper N/A

Recombinant DNA

pLEX_307 David Root Addgene plasmid
#4139
SND1 (NM_014390) Human Tagged ORF Clone Origene RC200059
pDONR223 SARS-CoV-2 NSP9 Fritz Roth Addgene plasmid
#141263
pLEX-SND1 This paper N/A
pLEX-SND1-FLAG This paper N/A
pLEX-NSP9-V5 This paper N/A
CRISPR/Cas9 control plasmid Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-418922
SND1 CRISPR/Cas9 KO plasmids Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-403949

Software and algorithms

Spectrum Mill MS Proteomics Software Broad Institute https://proteomics.broadinstitute.org/millhome.htm
ImageJ Schneider et al.81 https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/
R The Comprehensive R Archive Network https://cran.r-project.org/
Python Python Programming Language https://www.python.org/
BWA Li and Durbin82 http://bio-bwa.sourceforge.net/bwa.shtml
Picard Tools Broad Institute https://broadinstitute.github.io/picard
Samtools Li et al.83 http://samtools.sourceforge.net/
Bedtools Quinlan and Hall84 https://github.com/arq5x/bedtools2/blob/master/docs/content/overview.rst
MACS2 Zhang et al.85 https://github.com/macs3-project/MACS
Trimmomatic Bolger et al.86 http://www.usadellab.org/cms/index.php?page=trimmomatic
STAR Dobin et al.87 https://github.com/alexdobin/STAR
IGV Robinson et al.88 https://software.broadinstitute.org/software/igv/
Big-FISH Imbert et al.89 https://big-fish.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
DAVID Bioinformatics Resources https://david.ncifcrf.gov/ DAVID 6.8