Table 2.
Application of CRISPR-mediated epigenome editing.
| Type | Function | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chromatin remodeling | |||
|
dCas9-DNMT1 dCas9-DNMT3A dCas9-DNMT3B dCas9-DNMT3L dCas9-MQ1 |
DNA methyltransferase | Transcriptional repression | [92, 101–105] |
|
dCas9-TET1CD dCas9-TET3CD |
5-methylcytosine dioxygenase (DNA demethylation) | Transcriptional activation | [92, 107–109] |
|
dCas9-VP64 dCas9-VPR (VP64-p65-Rta) dCas9-SunTag |
Recruiting active transcription machinery Transcriptional activator/ Recruiting active transcription machinery Transcriptional activator |
Transcriptional activation | [124, 125, 144] |
|
dCas9-KRAB dCas9-KRAB-MeCP2 |
Transcriptional repressor | Transcriptional repression | [115, 128] |
| dCas9-HP1α | Heterochromatin binding protein | Chromatin compaction | [129] |
|
dCas9-Ezh2 dCas9-G9a dCas9-SUV39H1 |
H3K27 methyltransferases H3K9 mono-, dimethyltransferase H3K9 trimethyltransferase |
Transcriptional repression | [103, 115, 145] |
|
dCas9-LSD1 dCas9-JMJD2A |
H3K4me1/2, H3K9me1/2 demethylase H3K9me2/3, H3K36me2/3 demethylase |
Transcriptional activation | [116, 146] |
| dCas9 SunTag-JARID1A | H3K4me3 demethylase | Transcriptional repression | [147] |
| dCas9-p300 | Histone acetyltransferase | Transcriptional activation | [111] |
|
dCas9-HDAC1 dCas9-HDAC3 |
Histone deacetylase | Transcriptional repression | [113, 114] |
| dCas9-dMSK1 | H3S28 phosphorylase | Transcriptional activation | [112] |
| RNA modification | |||
| dCas13-METTL3, /-METTL3METTL14, dCasRx-METTL3 | N6-adenosine-methyltransferase | RNA stabilization, Translation efficiency | [89, 148, 149] |
| dCasRx-ALKBH5 | m6A demethylase | RNA metabolism | [89] |
| RNA interference | |||
| dCas13b-ADAR2 | Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA | RNA editing for A to I | [83] |
| Cas13 | RNA-guided RNA targeting | RNA knockdown | [76, 85] |