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. 2023 Oct 31;15:239. doi: 10.1007/s40820-023-01187-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Scheme 2 — Schematic illustration of the vascularized additive manufacturing-scaffolds application in related areas. a Cardiac patch with unique 4D self-deforming capability [248]. b Biomimetic muscle fiber structure of 3D printed skeletal muscle [193]. c Self-filled vascularized soft tissue [250]. d Vascularized 3D printed objects with self-generated oxygen [252]. e Patient-specific aortic root models with internal sensors [253]. f Endothelialized vascular beds to elucidate the contribution of hydrodynamics in determining sites of circulating tumor cell (CTC) vascular colonization [254]