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. 2023 Oct 31;13:18736. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45470-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of S. Ap and N. Ap overexpression in SMC phenotypic transition. (A) Representative phase-contrast photomicrographs (scale bar = 20 μm) and double immunofluorescence staining (scale bar = 10 μm) showing apelin and S100A4 expression in empty vector-transfected, S. Ap-transfected and N. Ap-transfected S-SMCs. (B) Representative immunoblot (cropped images showing important bands only) and bar graph showing α-SMA and S100A4 expression (n = 3 and n = 6, respectively) normalized to empty vector in transfected S-SMCs 96 h after transfection with empty vector (dots), S. Ap (squares), and N. Ap (triangles), original blots are presented in pages 7–9 of the supplementary file. (C) Bar graph showing the percentage of BrdU-positive S-SMCs, 96 h after transfection with empty vector (dots), S. Ap (squares), and N. Ap (triangles, n = 3). (D) Bar graph showing extracellular S100A4 levels detected by competitive ELISA assay in S-SMC supernatants after transfection with empty vector (dots), S. Ap (squares), and N. Ap (triangles, n = 6).