Fig. 2.

Identification of endothelial progenitor cells and exosomes derived from endothelial progenitor cells. (A) Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the expression of CD31, CD34, CD133, and CD45 in EPCs. The blue histogram corresponds to cells without fluorescence antibody staining, while the red histogram represents cells stained with fluorescence antibodies. (B) EPCs were identified through specific fluorescence staining using FITC-UEA-l and Dil-ac-LDL. (C) The extracted exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. (D) The marker proteins of exosomes, including TSG101, CD9, and CD63, were analyzed by Western blot to detect their expression. (E) The particle size of the exosome portion is about 100 nm in diameter. (F) Uptake of exosomes by endothelial cells. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)