Table 2.

Most frequently emerging themes and topics in the selected studies (N=17).

Category and most frequently reported topics			Publications, n (%)		Exemplary quote from study
Positive experience
	Feeling confident	10 (59)		“Nurses attributed reinforcement of their triage process to AIa feedback, which increased their confidence.” [65]
	Feeling responsible	6 (35)		“However, they saw themselves as maintaining ultimate responsibility for diagnosis and treatment decisions.” [70]
	Expressing satisfaction with the tool or situation	6 (35)		“The work here with emergency triage builds on my experience in emergency nursing to a great extent.” [63]
	Feeling grateful	4 (24)		“[Clinicians] acknowledged the benefits of having the BUC [blood utilization calculator]...” [59]
Negative experience
	Feeling frustrated	8 (47)		“The lack of online access to scans performed in some hospitals is a clear source of frustration for certain HPsb...” [68]
	Feeling overwhelmed by information load	7 (41)		“Providers also reported that they may be overwhelmed by the number of in-basket messages...” [58]
	Feeling frightened	7 (41)		“Nurses’ anxiety about needing to learn and use a new system, stress related to additional pressures in an already busy work environment, and fear and resistance to change with the EMRc implementation emerged as emotional barriers to EMR use by nurses.” [64]
	Feeling confused	5 (29)		“...while others perceived it to be confusing and hard to use, since the technology was not tailored to their needs.” [59]
Positive moderator
	Sufficient training	11 (65)		“...physicians who got EMR training had more knowledge about the system than their colleagues, which improved their attitude and motivation towards the system.” [74]
	Adequate workflow integration	10 (59)		“The EMR implementation was described as successful by nurses when they felt that they had learned the system and adapted their ways of working and workflows.” [64]
	Favorable organizational structures	8 (47)		“...there are other social and organizational factors that play a crucial role in the adoption and success of such new technologies...” [71]
	User-friendly design of interface	7 (41)		“User-centered design, wherein the user is centrally involved in all phases of the design process, is essential for AI health care technologies.” [59]
Negative moderator
	Unfavorable social structures	9 (53)		“...there are also social and organizational aspects such as shortage of time and financial resources that can cause limitations to such solutions’ adoption.” [71]
	Lack of training	8 (47)		“Lack of continuity of training was also a problem for nurses.” [66]
	Lack of a tailored tool design	6 (35)		“...others perceived it to be confusing and hard to use, since the technology was not tailored to their needs.” [59]
	Insufficient design of user interface	6 (35)		“Also, poorly designed alert interfaces have led to difficulty in retrieving patient information, which may lead to cognitively based errors and impedes the performance of clinicians.” [61]
Positive outcome
	Improvement in quality of patient care	12 (71)		“The system has improved care quality by reducing medication errors.” [61]
	Increase in workflow efficiency	10 (59)		“HPs report that the introduction of PACSd had a dramatic impact on the clinicians’ working day, bringing a newfound convenience to the clinical workflow.” [68]
	Better information availability	8 (47)		“Specifically, PACS has increased the amount of useful information available to clinicians, and improved the availability of images...” [68]
	Increase in patient safety	6 (35)		“...the use of order sets increased safety by ensuring that physicians followed evidence-based practices and minimized the possibility of omitting important interventions.” [60]
Negative outcome
	Increase in workload	13 (76)		“Clinicians often had to figure out a way to bypass the system and place their blood transfusion order, adding to their existing workloads and slowing down the transfusion process.” [59]
	Increased patient safety risks	8 (47)		“The loss of nurses’ narrative owing to EMR use was raised as a concern for patient safety...” [64]
	Missing or outdated information	8 (47)		“Another user problem is the copy and paste of text between sections in the record, which might produce potentially outdated and inaccurate information.” [73]
	Complications and interruption in workflow	7 (41)		“Overriding default options before completing prescriptions has increased workflow disruption in dermatological settings.” [61]

^aAI: artificial intelligence.

^bHP: health professional.

^cEMR: electronic medical record.

^dPACS: Picture Archiving and Communications Systems.