TABLE 3.
Delivery format of studies including self-management components (total, n=87)
| Characteristic | Number of studies, n (%) |
| Setting where self-management components are delivered | |
| Rehabilitation programme | 62 (71) |
| Palliative care/disease management programme | 12 (14) |
| Support programme for managing medication | 3 (4) |
| Home-based self-monitoring programme | 3 (4) |
| Peer support group | 3 (4) |
| Mindfulness-based stress reduction programme | 1 (1) |
| Telemedicine service during the COVID-19 pandemic | 1 (1) |
| PF-specific website | 1 (1) |
| Use of hand-held fan | 1 (1) |
| Location | |
| Outpatient | 45 (52) |
| Inpatient | 9 (10) |
| Home-/community-based | 19 (22) |
| Mixed settings# | 14 (16) |
| In-person/remote delivery | |
| In-person (e.g. instructions, supervision, education, clinic/home visits) | 44 (51) |
| Remote (e.g. via telephone/email, unsupervised home programme/practice, self-monitoring) | 11 (13) |
| Mixed | 29 (33) |
| Unclear | 3 (3) |
| Group/individual delivery | |
| Individual | 29 (33) |
| Group | 20 (23) |
| Mixed | 30 (35) |
| Unclear | 8 (9) |
| Self-management components specific to PF | |
| Yes | 33 (38) |
| Partial | 6 (7) |
| No | 12 (14) |
| Unclear | 36 (41) |
| Materials used | |
| Printed educational materials | 23 (26) |
| Exercise/symptom diary | 14 (16) |
| Digital materials to facilitate learning (e.g. audio/video, PowerPoint presentation, compact disc, website) | 13 (15) |
| Electronic devices (e.g. mobile application, tablet, hand-held fan, home spirometer, vital signs monitor) | 13 (15) |
| Personnel involved ¶ | |
| Multi-providers | 46 (53) |
| HCPs specialising in exercise training | 41 (47) |
| Other allied health professionals | 41 (47) |
| Physician | 33 (38) |
| Nurse | 30 (35) |
| Other HCPs | 9 (10) |
| Expert patients | 2 (2) |
| Unclear | 22 (25) |
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; HCP: healthcare professionals; PF: pulmonary fibrosis.
#: Studies delivering in mixed settings: outpatient and home (n=9); inpatient and outpatient (n=4); inpatient, outpatient and home (n=1). ¶: HCPs specialising in exercise training include physiotherapists, physical therapists, sports instructors, exercise physiologists and rehabilitation therapist. Other allied health professionals include dieticians, occupational therapists, speech therapists, psychologists, social workers and pharmacist. Physicians include respiratory physicians, general practitioners, cardiologists and palliative respiratory care experts. Nurses include respiratory specialist nurses, registered nurses, nurse practitioners, palliative care specialist nurses, psychiatric clinical nurse specialists, district nurses and community palliative care nurses. Other HCPs include medical beauticians, ecotrophologists, advance care planning instructors, instructors with training in meditation and mindfulness, palliative care spiritual care providers, and recreational therapists.