Figure 3. VIP-INs regulate visual perception in a size-dependent manner.

(A) Schematic of experimental paradigm with a freely running head-fixed mouse, lick spout, visual stimulation, and 473 nm optogenetic stimulation.

(B) Schematic of visual detection task.

(C) Psychometric responses for a representative mouse injected with saline. Darker shade indicates control trials, and lighter shade indicates trials with light pulse. The ${\text{C}}_{50}$ is represented by vertical lines.

(D) Psychometric responses for a representative mouse injected with the GtACR2 opsin for VIP inhibition upon light stimulation.

(E) False alarm rates for control (saline) and GtACR2 mice.

(F) ${\text{C}}_{50}$ shift (light off ${\text{C}}_{50}$ – light on ${\text{C}}_{50}$) for control and GtACR2 animals for small- (20°) and large-diameter (100°) stimuli.

(G) Cohen’s d effect size for small (20°) and large (100°) stimuli. 100° stimulus experiments: n = 7 control, 8 GtACR2 mice. 20° stimulus experiments: n = 4 control, 3 GtACR2 mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, Student’s t test.