Table 4.
Effect of participation in a moderate-to high-intensity exercise programme during chemotherapy on cardiac outcomes based on an intention-to-treat analysis
| Imaging modality | Parameter | Regression model | Unadjusted estimate (95% CI) | Partially adjusted* estimate (95% CI) | Fully adjusted† estimate (95% CI) |
| Cardiac MRI | |||||
| ECV | Linear | –0.79 (−1.69, 0.11) | –0.80 (−1.71, 0.11) | –0.69 (−1.62, 0.25) | |
| ECV (>28%) | Logistic | 0.77 (0.27, 2.16) | 0.71 (0.23, 2.13) | 0.76 (0.24, 2.34) | |
| Native T1 | Linear | –19.89 (−35.12, –4.66) | –20.58 (−35.41, –5.75) | –20.16 (−35.35, –4.97) | |
| Native T1 (>1020 ms) | Logistic | 0.60 (0.31, 1.16) | 0.56 (0.28, 1.10) | 0.53 (0.26, 1.07) | |
| LVEF | Linear | –1.67 (−3.79, 0.45) | –1.51 (−3.61, 0.60) | –1.36 (−3.45, 0.73) | |
| LVEF (<50%) | Logistic | 1.87 (0.86, 4.23) | 1.85 (0.82, 4.34) | 1.67 (0.72, 3.99) | |
| Echocardiography | |||||
| GLS | Linear | 0.40 (−0.63, 1.42) | 0.37 (−0.68, 1.42) | 0.31 (−0.76, 1.37) | |
| GLS (>-18%) | Logistic | 1.26 (0.61, 2.59) | 1.30 (0.61, 2.77) | 1.34 (0.63, 2.88) | |
| Cardiopulmonary exercise testing | |||||
| VO2peak | Linear | 0.68 (−2.83, 1.47) | 0.13 (−2.08, 1.82) | 0.21 (−1.69, 2.10) | |
*Partially adjusted includes adjustments for age, radiotherapy (none vs left sided or right sided), cumulative doxorubicin equivalent dosage, trastuzumab treatment and study (PACT vs PACES).
†Fully adjusted is the partially adjusted model with extra adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity and being a current smoker; none vs 1 or >1).
ECV, extracellular volume; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PACES, Physical Exercise during Adjuvant Chemotherapy Effectiveness Study; PACT, Physical Activity during Cancer Treatment.