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. 2023 Oct 30;13(10):e066726. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066726

Table 2.

Eligibility criteria for participants

Inclusion criteria
  • Adult, male or female, with spasticity of neurological origin (multiple sclerosis, cerebral stroke, traumatic brain injury, etc) and eligible for botulinum toxin injection

  • Able to deliver informed consent to participate in the study

  • Affiliation with a social security system

Exclusion criteria
  • Medical contraindication to virtual reality (epilepsy, schizophrenia, strabismus, amblyopia, anisometropia), local contraindication of wearing a headset (dermatological lesion of the face or the skull)

  • Any medical condition deemed by the investigator to be incompatible with the research (eg, major cognitive disorders MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination <24/30, impaired vision or hearing)

  • Indication of sedation by Entonox during botulinum toxin injection sessions

  • Every patient who has experienced virtual reality

  • Cardiovascular diagnosis of rhythm perturbances or priorly diagnosed anxiety disorders that may hinder results

  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women