Table 3.
Characteristics of subjects according to the quartile of education level
| Variables | Education (year) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 6 | 7–9 | 10–12 | ≥ 13 | P | |
| TB prevalence (/100,000) | 176.2(107.0-290.2) | 68.7(22.7-207.8) | 74.4(37.9-145.6) | 15.4(6.2–38.2) | < 0.001 |
| Current TB treatment (/100,000) | 147.6(84.2-258.6) | 47.2(11.8-188.2) | 68.0(33.3-138.6) | 12.5(4.3–36.5) | < 0.001 |
| Gender | < 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 31.8(30.8–32.8) | 47.1(45.6–48.7) | 52.4(51.5–53.2) | 53.4(52.7–54.2) | |
| Female | 68.2(67.2–69.2) | 52.9(51.3–54.4) | 47.6(46.8–48.5) | 46.6(45.8–47.3) | |
| Age (years) | < 0.001 | ||||
| ≤ 40 | 1.3(1.0–1.)7 | 7.7(6.7-8.)8 | 42.7(41.7–43.7) | 53.7(52.5–54.9) | |
| 41–64 | 33.7(32.5–34.9) | 62.9(61.2–64.5) | 49.4(48.5–50.4) | 42.3(41.2–43.5) | |
| ≥ 65 | 65.0(63.8–66.2) | 29.5(28.0–31.0) | 7.9(7.4-8.)3 | 4.0(3.7-4.)3 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 18.5 | 2.7(2.4-3.)1 | 2.5(2.0–3.)1 | 4.7(4.4-5.)1 | 5.0(4.6-5.)4 | |
| 18.5–22.9 | 31.2(30.1–32.3) | 33.6(32.1–35.2) | 39.2(38.4–40.1) | 40.9(40.1–41.7) | |
| 23.0–24.9 | 25.4(24.5–26.5) | 25.6(24.1–27.1) | 22.4(21.6–23.1) | 21.2(20.5–21.9) | |
| ≥ 25.0 | 40.6(39.5–41.8) | 38.3(36.7–39.9) | 33.7(32.8–34.6) | 32.9(32.1–33.7) | |
| Survey year | 0.039 | ||||
| KNHANES VI (2013–2015) | 36.5(34.8–38.2) | 33.0(31.2–34.9) | 32.3(31.1–33.5) | 27.7(26.5–29.0) | |
| KNHANES VII (2016–2018) | 34.6(32.9–36.3) | 35.1(33.2–37.1) | 32.7(31.5–33.9) | 35.1(33.6–36.6) | |
| KNHANES VIII (2019–2021) | 28.9(27.3–30.6) | 31.9(30.0-33.8) | 35.0(33.7–36.3) | 37.2(35.7–38.8) | |
| Monthly household income | < 0.001 | ||||
| Lowest | 47.3(45.9–48.7) | 22.5(21.2–24.0) | 11.8(11.0-12.6) | 4.9(4.5-5.)3 | |
| Medium-lowest | 28.5(27.3–29.7) | 32.8(31.2–34.4) | 26.3(25.3–27.3) | 18.0(17.1–18.9) | |
| Medium-highest | 16.2(15.2–17.3) | 27.0(25.4–28.6) | 32.2(31.2–33.3) | 31.9(30.8–32.9) | |
| Highest | 8.0(7.3-8.)8 | 17.7(16.4–19.1) | 29.7(28.5–31.0) | 45.3(43.9–46.6) | |
| Marital status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Single | 36.5(35.2–37.7) | 22.0(20.7–23.5) | 38.9(37.8–40.0) | 31.2(30.1–32.4) | |
| Married | 63.5(62.3–64.8) | 78.0(76.5–79.3) | 61.1(60.0-62.2) | 68.8(67.6–69.9) | |
| Residential area | < 0.001 | ||||
| Urban | 70.5(67.5–73.3) | 78.3(75.7–80.7) | 85.3(83.4–87.0) | 89.5(87.9–90.9) | |
| Rural | 29.5(26.7–32.5) | 21.7(19.3–24.3) | 14.7(13.0-16.6) | 10.5(9.1-1)2.1 | |
| Number of household numbers | < 0.001 | ||||
| 1 | 20.9(19.8-2)1.9 | 11.6(10.7–12.7) | 8.0(7.3-8.)8 | 7.9(7.2-8.)7 | |
| 2–4 | 72.3(71.1-7)3.4 | 79.8(78.4–81.2) | 81.0(80.1–82.0) | 82.2(81.2–83.1) | |
| ≥ 5 | 6.8(6.1–7.6) | 8.5(7.5-9.)7 | 10.9(10.2–11.8) | 10.0(9.3-1)0.7 | |
| Smoking | 12.7(11.9–13.6) | 21.4(20.0-22.8) | 25.6(24.7–26.5) | 19.5(18.7–20.2) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol intake | 35.6(34.4–36.8) | 50.8(49.1–52.4) | 61.3(60.3–62.2) | 63.5(62.7–64.4) | < 0.001 |
| Physically activea | 37.3(36.0-38.5) | 42.7(41.1–44.3) | 48.4(47.4–49.3) | 47.5(46.6–48.5) | < 0.001 |
| Health examination during past 2 yearsb | 66.2(65.1–67.3) | 69.1(67.5–70.6) | 60.5(59.5–61.4) | 68.8(67.9–69.6) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer examination during past 2 yearsc | 61.5(60.3–62.6) | 63.9(62.2–65.6) | 46.9(46.0-47.8) | 52.7(51.6–53.8) | < 0.001 |
All values are given as number and estimated percentage (95% confjdence interval).
CI; confidence interval, TB; tuberculosis, KNHANES; the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey
aPhysically active was indicated as ‘yes’ when the subject walked for more than 30 min at a time and more than five times per week.
bHealth examination during past 2 years was indicated as ‘yes’ when the subject had undergone health checkup within the prior 2 years.
cCancer examination during past 2 years was indicated as ‘yes’ when the subject had undergone screening within the prior 2 years for any kind of cancer such as lung cancer, stomach cancer, and breast cancer etc.