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. 2023 Oct 31;27:23312165231208377. doi: 10.1177/23312165231208377

Table 1.

Nonaudiological Factors Influencing Hearing Aid (HA) Uptake and Use With Number of Supporting Studies (in Parenthesis).

Factor HA uptake HA use
Age ± (26)
Education ± (12)
Sex ± (22)
Socioeconomic status + (12)
General health – (6)
Locus of internal control + (2)
Ego strength + (1)
Cognitive anxiety + (2)
Distress ± (2)
Depression ± (1)
Technology commitment + (2)
Stigma – (5)
Concern regarding the cost – (2)
Language level used by audiologists – (1)
Denial – (1)
Readiness for change + (4)
Autonomous motivation + (2)
Self-acceptance – (1)
Self-efficacy ± (2)
Maladaptive behaviors – (1)
Subjective norm + (2)
Subjective norm * Trust + (1)
Attitudes toward behavior and control + (2)
Attitude toward own hearing loss + (4) + (3)
Attitude toward hearing aids + (3) + (4)
Self-reported hearing difficulties + (9) + (3)
Counselling + (2)
Dexterity (impression about the audiologist) + (2)
Lifetime experience with hearing aids + (2)
Hysteria + (1)
Expectations + (1)
Number of major life events + (1)
Adaptation period – (1)
Depression/obsession – (1)
Socioeconomic status: income level – (1)
Activity of daily living – (1)
Medication – (1)

Note: “+” indicates a positive association between the factor and the outcome, “–” indicates a negative association, and “±” indicates a controversial association including no association.