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. 2023 Oct 16;39(10-12):708–727. doi: 10.1089/ars.2022.0209

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Regulation of necroptosis by mtROS. Increased aerobic respiration, mitochondrial translocation of NOX4, and p53-dependent SRX and PRX3 downregulation increased mtROS. Increased mtROS cause mitochondrial translocation of p53 and RIP1K phosphorylation. Phosphorylated RIPK1 recruits and phosphorylates RIPK3 into the necrosome. Phosphorylated RIPK3 then phosphorylates MLKL, triggering the formation of MLKL oligomers that translocate and destabilize the plasma membrane. MLKL, pseudokinase mixed-lineage kinase domain–like; mtROS, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; NOX, NADPH oxidases; PRX3, peroxiredoxin 3; RIPK1/3, receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3; SRX, sulfiredoxin.