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. 2023 Oct 16;39(10-12):728–743. doi: 10.1089/ars.2022.0191

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Four distinct mechanisms of free radical scavenging by antioxidants. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals, X, by multiple mechanisms: (1) electron transfer, (2) hydrogen atom donation, (3) addition to the double bond, and (4) homolytic substitution. The representative antioxidants for each mechanism are shown in parentheses.