Table 1.
Distribution of 7,948 study subjects according to sociodemographic characteristics, year of enrolment, body mass index, physical activity, smoking habit, energy intake, and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the Healthy Eating Index-2015.
| Variable | Study subjects | |
|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | |
| Sex | ||
| Men | 3,660 | (46.1) |
| Women | 4,288 | (53.9) |
| Age (years) | ||
| <55 | 2,974 | (37.4) |
| 55–64 | 2,576 | (32.4) |
| ≥65 | 2,398 | (30.2) |
| Geographical area | ||
| North | 6,513 | (81.9) |
| Center/South | 1,435 | (18.1) |
| Education (years)a | ||
| <7 | 3,906 | (49.3) |
| 7–11 | 2,052 | (25.9) |
| ≥12 | 1,542 | (19.5) |
| Year of enrolmenta | ||
| <1994 | 2,886 | (36.3) |
| 1995–1999 | 3,211 | (40.4) |
| ≥2000 | 1,849 | (23.3) |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | ||
| <25.0 | 3,587 | (45.1) |
| 25.0– < 30.0 | 3,259 | (41.0) |
| ≥30.0 | 1,074 | (13.5) |
| Physical activitya,b | ||
| Very low | 2,427 | (31.2) |
| Low | 2,899 | (37.3) |
| High | 1,507 | (19.4) |
| Very high | 939 | (12.1) |
| Smoking habita | ||
| Never | 3,890 | (49.0) |
| Former | 1,963 | (24.7) |
| Current <15 cigarettes/day | 946 | (11.9) |
| Current ≥15 cigarettes/day | 1,133 | (14.3) |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | ||
| <1,842 | 1,987 | (25.0) |
| 1,842– < 2,250 | 1,987 | (25.0) |
| 2,250– < 2,738 | 1,987 | (25.0) |
| ≥2,738 | 1,987 | (25.0) |
| MDS (points) | ||
| 0–2 | 915 | (11.5) |
| 3–6 | 6,162 | (77.5) |
| 7–9 | 871 | (11.0) |
| HEI-2015 (values) | ||
| <63.5 | 2,647 | (33.3) |
| 63.5– < 69.1 | 2,654 | (33.4) |
| ≥69.1 | 2,647 | (33.3) |
Italy, 1991–2008. aThe sum did not add up to the total because of missing values; bCombining levels of physical activity at work/home and during the leisure time.
BMI, body mass index; HEI-2015, Healthy Eating Index-2015; MDS, Mediterranean diet score.