Table 3.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the association between diversity indices and the Mediterranean Diet Score.
| Diversity index | MDS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–2 pointsa | 3–6 points | 7–9 points | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | OR (95% CI)b | OR (95% CI)c | n (%) | OR (95% CI)b | OR (95% CI)c | |
| NFD | |||||||
| Q1 | 361 (39.3) | 1,527 (24.8) | Ref. | Ref. | 99 (11.3) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q2 | 263 (28.6) | 1,520 (24.7) | 1.37 (1.16–1.63) | 1.36 (1.14–1.62) | 204 (23.2) | 2.68 (2.01–3.58) | 2.58 (1.92–3.46) |
| Q3 | 201 (21.9) | 1,537 (25.0) | 1.87 (1.55–2.25) | 1.80 (1.47–2.19) | 249 (28.3) | 4.60 (3.44–6.15) | 3.89 (2.87–5.27) |
| Q4 | 93 (10.1) | 1,567 (25.5) | 4.69 (3.65–6.03) | 4.25 (3.24–4.57) | 327 (37.2) | 15.15 (10.90–21.05) | 11.26 (7.88–16.09) |
| FVS | |||||||
| Q1 | 342 (37.3) | 1,508 (24.5) | Ref. | Ref. | 117 (13.3) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q2 | 241 (26.3) | 1,404 (22.8) | 1.29 (1.08–1.54) | 1.29 (1.08–1.55) | 179 (20.4) | 2.10 (1.58–2.79) | 2.01 (1.50–2.69) |
| Q3 | 209 (22.8) | 1,648 (26.8) | 1.92 (1.59–2.31) | 1.84 (1.51–2.24) | 272 (30.9) | 3.89 (2.94–5.15) | 3.26 (2.42–4.38) |
| Q4 | 126 (13.7) | 1,591 (25.9) | 3.46 (2.76–4.34) | 3.16 (2.45–4.08) | 311 (35.4) | 9.13 (6.74–12.36) | 6.80 (4.84–9.54) |
Italy, 1991–2008. aReference category; bUnadjusted estimates; cAdjusted estimates for sex, age (<55; 55–64; ≥65 years), geographical area (North; Center/South), education (<7; 7–11; ≥12 years), year of enrolment (<1994; 1994–1999; ≥2000), BMI (<25; 25– < 30; ≥30 kg/m2), physical activity (very low; low; high; very high), smoking habit (never, former, current <15; current ≥15 cigarettes/day); and energy intake (<1,842; 1,842– < 2,240; 2,250– < 2,738; ≥2,738 kcal/day).
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; FVS, Food Variety Score; MDS, Mediterranean Diet Score; NFD, Nutritional Functional Diversity indicator; OR, odds ratio.