Table 4.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the association between diversity indices and the Healthy Eating Index-2015.
| Diversity index | HEI-2015 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <63.5a | 63.5– < 69.1 | ≥69.1 | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | OR (95% CI)b | OR (95% CI)c | n (%) | OR (95% CI)b | OR (95% CI)c | |
| NFD | |||||||
| Q1 | 870 (32.9) | 550 (20.7) | Ref. | Ref. | 567 (21.4) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q2 | 678 (25.6) | 638 (24.0) | 1.49 (1.28–1.73) | 1.58 (1.35–1.82) | 671 (25.3) | 1.52 (1.31–1.76) | 1.65 (1.41–1.92) |
| Q3 | 584 (22.1) | 676 (25.5) | 1.83 (1.57–2.14) | 2.06 (1.75–2.43) | 727 (27.5) | 1.91 (1.64–2.22) | 2.28 (1.93–2.68) |
| Q4 | 551 (19.5) | 790 (29.8) | 2.43 (2.08–2.83) | 3.06 (2.57–3.65) | 682 (25.8) | 2.03 (1.74–2.37) | 2.86 (2.39–3.42) |
| FVS | |||||||
| Q1 | 845 (31.9) | 567 (21.4) | Ref. | Ref. | 555 (21.0) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Q2 | 652 (24.6) | 556 (20.9) | 1.27 (1.09–1.48) | 1.35 (1.15–1.58) | 616 (23.3) | 1.44 (1.23–1.68) | 1.56 (1.33–1.83) |
| Q3 | 586 (22.1) | 753 (28.4) | 1.92 (1.65–2.23) | 2.19 (1.86–2.57) | 790 (29.8) | 2.05 (1.76–2.39) | 2.51 (2.13–2.96) |
| Q4 | 564 (21.3) | 778 (29.3) | 2.06 (1.77–2.39) | 2.67 (2.24–3.19) | 686 (25.9) | 1.85 (1.59–2.16) | 2.72 (2.27–3.26) |
Italy, 1991–2008. aReference category; bUnadjusted estimates; cAdjusted estimates for sex, age (<55; 55–64; ≥65 years), geographical area (North; Center/South), education (<7; 7–11; ≥12 years), year of enrolment (<1994; 1994–1999; ≥2000), BMI (<25; 25– < 30; ≥30 kg/m2), physical activity (very low; low; high; very high), smoking habit (never, former, current <15; current ≥15 cigarettes/day); and energy intake (<1,842; 1,842– < 2,240; 2,250– < 2,738; ≥2,738 kcal/day).
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; FVS, Food Variety Score; MDS, Mediterranean Diet Score; NFD, Nutritional Functional Diversity indicator; OR, odds ratio.