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(A–D) Percentage of wakefulness and NREM and REM sleep during 6-h SD period using dedicated chamber (A) or gentle handling (B) and each ad libitum sleep (C,D). (E,F) Total percentage of wakefulness and NREM and REM sleep during 6 h of SD or ad libitum sleep using dedicated chamber (E) or gentle handling (F). Error bars indicate SEM (N = 3–4). **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 for the difference between ad libitum sleep mice and SD mice by Student’s t-test.
