Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author, year | Investigation time | Region | Sample source | Average age | Sample size | Number of checkouts | Male and female | Cognitive frailty assessment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frailty | Cognitive impairment | ||||||||
| Li et al. (24), 2022 | August to December 2020 | Hangzhou, Zhejiang | Community | ≥60 | 252 | 22 | 148/104 | FS | MMSE |
| Jiang et al. (25), 2022 | March 2019 to March 2022 | Beijing | Hospital | 68.02 ± 6.41 | 350 | 30 | 168/182 | FP | MMSE |
| Wang (26), 2022 | March to October 2021 | Shenyang, Liaoning | Hospital | 67 (63, 72) (≥60) | 300 | 65 | 152/148 | FS | MMSE |
| Liu (27), 2021 | April to December 2019 | Urumqi, Xinjiang | Hospital | 75.3 ± 6.8 | 395 | 82 | 166/225 | FP | MoCA |
| Zhang et al. (28), 2023 | January to December 2021 | Hangzhou, Zhejiang | Hospital | ≥60 | 233 | 48 | 114/109 | FP | MMSE |
| Yang (29), 2022 | March to October 2021 | Nanning, Guangxi | Hospital | 70.64 ± 7.43 | 225 | 76 | 107/118 | SHARE-FI | MoCA |
| Fu and Zhao (30), 2023 | March to September 2022 | Dalian, Liaoning | Hospital | ≥60 | 226 | 47 | 120/106 | FS | MoCA |
| Wang (31), 2021 | February 2019 to January 2021 | Jinan, Shandong | Hospital | 62.99 ± 6.65 | 186 | 105 | 109/77 | FP | CDR, MoCA |
| Zhang et al. (32), 2020 | January to June 2019 | Zhengzhou, Henan | Community | 69 ± 6.62 | 225 | 28 | 91/164 | FP | MoCA, CDR |
| Han (33), 2021 | August to December 2020 | Shenyang, Liaoning | Community | 67.81 ± 6.45 | 200 | 66 | 117/83 | FS | SCD-Q9, MoCA |
| Yang (34), 2022 | January 2021 to January 2022 | Hefei, Anhui | Hospital | 71.02 ± 7.36 | 252 | 114 | 132/120 | FS | MMSE, MoCA |
| Kong et al. (35), 2020 | June to October 2019 | Xianning, Hubei | Community | ≥65 | 291 | 25 | / | FP | MMSE |
| Wang (36), 2021 | November 2019 to September 2020 | Tangshan, Hebei | Hospital | ≥65 | 81 | 31 | / | FS | CDR |
| Ma et al. (37), 2020 | June 2017 to January 2019 | Shenyang, Liaoning | Hospital | 65 | 200 | 36 | / | FS | MMSE |
| Chen (38), 2020 | December 2018 to September 2019 | Zhengzhou, Henan | Hospital | 60 | 82 | 57 | / | FP | MoCA |
| Wang et al. (39), 2019 | November 2015 to January 2018 | Chengdu, Sichuan | Hospital | 60 | 238 | 59 | / | CGA-FI | MMSE |
| Li et al. (40), 2019 | November to December 2014 | Jiangsu Rugao | Community | 70 | 121 | 18 | / | FP | HDS-R |
| Lee et al. (41), 2018 | 2006 | Taiwan, China | Community | 53 ~ 58 | 173 | 30 | / | AWGS | SPMSQ |
FS, FRAIL scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; FP, Frailty Phenotype; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SHARE-FI, Shared Frailty Screening Tool; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; SCD-Q9, Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire 9; CGA-FI, Frailty Index based on a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment; HDS-R, Hasegama’s dementia scale; AWGS, Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia criteria; SPMSQ, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire.