Table 3.

Quality appraisal.

Cross-sectional studies(AHRQ)
Author, year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
Li et al. (24), 2022	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Jiang et al. (25), 2022	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Wang (26), 2022	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Liu (27), 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Zhang et al. (28), 2023	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Yang (29), 2022	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Fu and Zhao (30), 2023	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Wang (31), 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Zhang et al. (32), 2020	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Han (33), 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Yang (34), 2022	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Kong et al. (35), 2020	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Wang (36), 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Ma et al. (37), 2020	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Chen (38), 2020	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Wang et al. (39), 2019	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No

Cohort studies (NOS)
Author, year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Li et al. (40), 2019	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
Lee et al. (41), 2018	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1