Table 2.

Reports of allergenic responses to toxigenic fungi and mycoses associated with cannabis users (excluding those reported in Trullas et al., 2010).

	Species	Diagnosis reported/Study description; Use; Immunosuppressive	Fungal identification method	References
Aspergillus	A. fumigatus	Allergenic response in 28 cannabis smokers; one with systemic aspergillosis, seven with bronchospasm after smoking	Patient tissue samples—Serology	Kagen et al. (1983)
	A. flavus		Cultured from products (serology)
	A. niger
	A. fumigatus	Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; cannabis smoker; and asthma	Patient tissue samples—Serology	Kouevidjin et al. (2003)
			Cultured from products
	A. flavus
	A. fumigatus	Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; metastatic colorectal cancer and chemotherapy	Sequencing	Cescon et al. (2008)
	A. fumigatus	Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis; daily cannabis smoker; with steroid use	Serology	Gargani et al. (2011)
		Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis; daily cannabis smoker	Serology	Gargani et al. (2011)
	A. rugolosa	Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis; cannabis via vaporizer daily; diabetes	A. rugolosa confirmed by sequencing	Remington et al. (2015)
	A. fumigatus		A. fumigatus (cultured from patient)
	Penicillium sp.
	A. fumigatus	Disseminated aspergillosis; former cannabis user; HIV + steroids	Cultured from patient	Salam and Pozniak (2017)
Fusarium	Fusarium sp.	Cutaneous fusariosis; hyper-IgE-syndrome + steroids; cannabis grower*	Cultured from patient (microscopy)	Altibi et al. (2020)
Alternaria	Al. alternata	Allergenic responses in 316 (11.8% of participants) current cannabis users	Serology	Min and Min (2018)
Cryptococcus	Cryptococcus sp., including C. neoformans	Cryptococcal meningitis; daily cannabis smoker; and no evidence of immunodeficiency	Patient cerebrospinal fluid samples—Microscopy and mass spectrometry	Shapiro et al. (2018)

^*Patient’s cannabis plants “died out because of the mold.”