Table 1.
Animal models of RVFV and their pathological manifestations.
| Order | Genus or Species | Disease features | Route of exposure | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodent | Mouse | Hepatitis | FP | (17) |
| Hepatitis/cerebritis | IP/SC/Aerosol | (18) | ||
| Hepatitis/cerebritis | IP/SC | (19) | ||
| Cerebritis | FP | (20) | ||
| Cerebritis | Aerosol | (21) | ||
| Rat | Hepatitis | IP/SC/Aerosol | (22) | |
| Hepatitis | IP/SC/Aerosol | (23) | ||
| Hepatitis/cerebritis/eye lesions | Aerosol | (24) | ||
| Hepatitis | IP | (25) | ||
| Eye lesions | SC/Aerosol | (26) | ||
| Gerbil | Cerebritis | SC | (27) | |
| Hamster | Hepatitis | Aerosol | (28) | |
| Hepatitis | SC | (29) | ||
| Non-human primates | Rhesus monkey | Hepatitis/cerebritis/hemorrhage/fever | IV/IM | (30) |
| Hepatitis/fever | Aerosol/IV | (31) | ||
| Marmoset | Hepatitis/haemorrhag/cerebritis/fever | IV/SC/IN | (32) | |
| Cerebritis/hemorrhage/fever | Aerosol | (33) | ||
| African green monkeys (AGM) | Cerebritis/hemorrhage/fever | Aerosol | (33) | |
| Cerebritis/hepatitis/hemorrhage/fever | Aerosol | (34) | ||
| Ruminantia | Sheep | Hepatitis/abortion | SC | (35) |
| Fever/abortion | Inoculated | (36) | ||
| Goats | Fever/hepatitis | SC | (37) | |
| Viremia | IN/SC | (38) | ||
| Calves | Cerebritis/hepatitis | SC | (10) | |
| Lambs | Fever/hepatitis | Aerosol | (28) | |
| Hepatitis | Inoculated | (36) | ||
| Cattle | Hepatitis/fever | IN/ID/IN+ID+SC | (39) | |
| Other mammalia | Ferret | Fever/cerebritis | ID/IN | (40) |
SC, subcutaneous; IP, intraperitoneal; FP, footpad; ID, intradermal; IN, intranasal.