Table 1.
Characteristics of included observational studies
| First author Year Country |
Study design | Age in the PCC group(s) | Sex in the PCC group(s) | ISS in the PCC group(s) |
INR in the PCC group(s) |
Penetrating injuries in the PCC group(s) |
PCC Indication | Number of patients in the PCC group& | Intervention Group 1 |
Intervention Group 2 |
Control Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Jehan [26] US |
Single center with PS matching | 57 (20.9)#& | 26 (65)& | 30 [21–38]%& | 1.8 (2)# | 7 (17) | Significant bleeding and coagulopathic (INR ≥ 1.5) | n = 40 | 4F-PCC (25 units/kg) + FFP£ | – | FFP alone£ |
|
Joseph [31] US |
Single center with PS matching | 46 (22)# | 49 (78) | 28 [17–40]%& | 2.2 (0.9)# | 14 (23) | At the discretion of the attending trauma surgeon | n = 63 | 3F-PCC (25U/kg) + FFP (15 mL/Kg) | – | FFP alone (15 mL/Kg) |
|
Joseph [31 US |
Single center with PS matching | 48.3 (23.2)# | 20 (74) | 24 (14–31)%! | 2.3 (0.8)# | 6 (22) | At the discretion of the attending trauma surgeon | n = 27 | 3F-PCC (25U/kg) | – | FFP alone (15 mL/Kg) |
|
Khurrum [27 US |
Multicenter with PS matching | 48 (21)#& | 102 (61)& | 30 [21–38]%& | – | 11 (13) | Unknown | n = 84 | 4F-PCC£ + Whole Blood£ | – | Whole Blood |
|
Ponschab [30] Austria |
Single center without adjustment | 45 [26.3–60.0]% | 69 (71.9) | Unknown | – | – | EXTEM > 80 s after FC treatment OR Obvious severe coagulopathy OR Physician discretion |
PPC alone: n = 13 PCC + FC: n = 23 |
PCC alone£^ | FC (4 g) + PCC£^ | FC alone (4 g) |
|
Schlimp [28 Austria |
Single center without adjustment |
FC-PCC: 45 [26–57]% FC-PCC-FFP: 49 [29–58]% |
FC-PCC: 51 (81) FC-PCC-FFP: 6 (67) |
FC–PCC: 34 [26–43]% FC–PCC–FFP: 50 [42–58]% |
– | – | EXTEM > 80 s after FC treatment |
FC + PCC: n = 63 FC + PCC + FFP: n = 9 |
FC (2 to 6 g) + 4F-PCC (20 to 30 IU/kg) | FC alone (2 to 6 g) | Fibrinogen concentrate (2-6 g) + 4F-PCC (20 to 30 IU/kg) + FFP£ |
|
Schöchl [29] Austria |
Single center without adjustment |
FC: 40 (14)# FC + PCC: 36 (13)# |
NA | 35.7 (13.0)# | – | – | EXTEM > 80 s after FC treatment OR Obvious severe coagulopathy OR Physician discretion | n = 17 | FC (6-8 g) + 4F-PCC (20 to 30 IU/kg) | FC alone (6-8 g) | No coagulation therapy |
|
Zeeshan [22] US |
Single center with PS matching |
4F-PCC: 51 (19.6)# 3F-PCC: 50 (18.3)# |
4F-PCC: 82 (66) 3F-PCC: 80 (64) |
4F-PCC: 23 [14–32]%& 3F-PCC: 27[15–31]%& |
4F-PCC: 2.0 (0.3)#& 3F-PCC: 1.9 (0.2)#& |
4F-PCC: 21 (17)& 3F-PCC: 18 (14)& |
Trauma-induced coagulopathy with INR ≥ 1.5 |
4F-PCC: n = 125 3F-PCC: n = 125 |
4F-PCC (25U/kg) + FFP£ | – | 3F-PCC (25U/kg) + FFP£ |
|
Zeeshan [25] US |
Multi center with PS matching | 50 (21)#& | 171 (70.3)& | 27 [20–37]%& | – | 32 (13.4) | Unknown | n = 234 | 4F-PCC£ + FFP£ | – | FFP alone£ |
Continuous variables are presented either as median (IQR) % or as mean (SD)#; categorical variables are presented as number and relative percentages. Number of patients or relative percentages were calculated if not reported. Some variables are presented after PS matching& while other are presented before PS matching!. £ Protocol doses are unknown; ^Unknown type of PCC. FC Fibrinogen concentrate, ISS injury severity score, INR international normalized ratio, PCC prothrombin complex concentrate, PS propensity score, US United States