Table 6.

Types of evaluations or patient outcomes measured.

Type of evaluation/outcome measure	Examples and reporting papers
Patient outcomes	Physical and psychological symptoms – Niki et al. 27 , Ferguson et al. 22 , Dang et al. 25 , Moscato et al. 24 Functional assessment – Ferguson et al. 22 Behavioural changes – Ferguson et al. 22 Physiological signals associated with pain, anxiety and depression via a smart wristband (e.g. electro dermal activity, heart rate, skin) – Moscato et al. 24 Quality of life measures – Dang et al. 25 , Moscato et al. 24 Spiritual well-being – Dang et al. 25
User experience	Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for the assessments of participants’ level of fun, happiness pre- and post-VR experience – Niki et al. 27 User perceptions of the intervention in relation to usability, likeability and perceived benefit – Johnson et al. 26 User experience regarding feasibility, usability and acceptability using the System Usability Scale (SUS) – Brungardt et al. 23 Participant views and perceptions of the VR experience (interviews) – Brungardt et al. 23 Patients views and perceptions – Ferguson et al. 22 Participant acceptability and tolerance of VR intervention – Ferguson et al. 22 User data, amount of times used and usage time, preferences for interactive or non-interactive content – Moscato et al. 24 Patient adherence, recruitment rate, acceptability and comfort of study procedures – Dang et al. 25 The length of time required to set up equipment, time to set up the patient and the total session length of the avatar-facilitated life review – Dang et al. 25 User experience of the VR session via observation and interviews – Lloyd and Haraldsdottir 29 Retrospective qualitative analysis of patient experience via avatar videos – Ryu and Price 31 Patient perceptions of VR use – Nwosu et al. 30
Other stakeholder perspectives	Behavioural changes after VR experience measured by contacting the participant's primary caregiver – Ferguson et al. 22 Caregiver’s perceptions of VR use – Nwosu et al. 30 Staff perceptions regarding VR use and helpfulness in clinical practice – Nwosu et al. 30 Public opinion views on how to support VR adoption in PC – Nwosu et al. 30