Table 3.
Factors associated with in-ICU and in-hospital mortality using univariable and multivariable logistic regression, odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)].
| Univariable | Multivariable 1∗ | Multivariable 2† | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| In-ICU mortality | ||||||
| Year (per later year) | 0.89 (0.84, 0.94) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 0.36 | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) | 0.49 |
| Age (per 5 years) | 1.01 (0.88, 1.15) | 0.93 | 1.09 (0.91, 1.31) | 0.34 | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) | 0.48 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | REF | REF | REF | |||
| Male | 0.92 (0.49, 1.77) | 0.80 | 1.34 (0.60, 3.12) | 0.49 | 1.31 (0.58, 3.06) | 0.52 |
| APACHE II (per unit increase) | 1.15 (1.10, 1.21) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.08, 1.22) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.08, 1.22) | <0.001 |
| HIV stage | ||||||
| Established diagnosis | REF | – | REF | |||
| Newly diagnosed§ | 1.30 (0.65, 2.53) | 0.44 | 0.96 (0.40, 2.25) | 0.93 | ||
| CD4+ T-cell count at admission (cells/μl) (log2 transformed) | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) | 0.004 | 0.87 (0.73, 1.02) | 0.09 | 0.86 (0.72, 1.03) | 0.09 |
| Receiving cART¶ | ||||||
| No | REF | – | – | |||
| Yes | 1.38 (0.69, 2.89) | 0.38 | ||||
| Respiratory failure | ||||||
| No | REF | – | – | |||
| Yes | 0.93 (0.51, 1.67) | 0.81 | ||||
| Renal failure | ||||||
| No | REF | – | – | |||
| Yes | 0.85 (0.30, 2.17) | 0.75 | ||||
| In-hospital mortality | ||||||
| Year (per later year) | 0.86 (0.82, 0.91) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97) | 0.008 | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97) | 0.009 |
| Age (per 5 years) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.09) | 0.55 | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) | 0.52 | 1.06 (0.89, 1.27) | 0.51 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | REF | REF | REF | |||
| Male | 0.85 (0.47, 1.55) | 0.59 | 1.38 (0.64, 3.04) | 0.42 | 1.41 (0.66, 3.14) | 0.38 |
| APACHE II (per unit increase) | 1.15 (1.10, 1.21) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.06, 1.18) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.06, 1.18) | <0.001 |
| HIV stage | ||||||
| Established diagnosis | REF | – | REF | |||
| Newly diagnosed§ | 1.66 (0.89, 3.11) | 0.11 | 1.55 (0.68, 3.52) | 0.30 | ||
| CD4+ T-cell count at admission (cells/μl) (log2 transformed) | 0.83 (0.73, 0.94) | 0.003 | 0.87 (0.74, 1.03) | 0.10 | 0.90 (0.76, 1.06) | 0.20 |
| Receiving cART¶ | ||||||
| No | REF | – | – | |||
| Yes | 0.92 (0.49, 1.73) | 0.79 | ||||
| Respiratory failure | ||||||
| No | REF | – | – | |||
| Yes | 1.09 (0.83, 1.88) | 0.76 | ||||
| Renal failure | ||||||
| No | REF | – | – | |||
| Yes | 0.67 (0.25, 1.64) | 0.41 | ||||
∗
Multivariable 1: adjusted factors were year, age, sex, APACHE II, CD4+ T-cell count.
†
Multivariable 2: adjusted factors were year, age, sex, APACHE II, CD4+ T-cell count, HIV stage.
§
Newly-diagnosed if HIV diagnosed within 3 months of ICU admission.
¶
Patients missing cART date with a VL <1000 copies/ml were coded as being on cART.