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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 2.
Published in final edited form as: Front Cognit. 2023 Jun 22;2:1207428. doi: 10.3389/fcogn.2023.1207428

TABLE 2.

Pairwise comparisons of A-span measures comparing young adults to children and older adults separately.

Young adults
vs. children		 Young adults
vs. older
adults
A-span t-statistic t(127.77) = −12.72 t(192) = 2.18
Cohen’s d d = −1.89 d = 0.32
p-value p < 0.001** p < 0.030*
A-span % Change t-statistic t(145.69) = −3.23 t(163.92) = 1.48
Cohen’s d d = −0.49 d = 0.22
p-value p = 0.002** p = 0.142
*

p < 0.05

**

p < 0.01.