Figure 4.

Sensorimotor and cognitive impairment in the needle ABCS model. A, Rotarod test from onset to six weeks. B, C, Adhesive tape touch and removal test. D, Foot-fault test. E, F, Spatial learning and memory in water maze test at fourth week. G, Passive avoidance test at sixth week. Mice in the dark box were given a pretraining with a 0.25-mA electric foot shock for 2 s. On day 7, the latency to access the dark box was measured. H, NOR test at sixth week. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05 needle versus sham; **p < 0.01 versus sham; ***p < 0.001 versus sham; ****p < 0.0001 versus sham, two-way ANOVA and Neuman–Keuls post hoc. n = 10 for sham, n = 10 for needle groups.