Fig 3. Intranasal administration of high doses of B. pertussis (UT25Sm1) leads to increased colonization of the respiratory tract compared to aerosol challenge.

Bacterial burden in the A) nasal lavage fluid, B) trachea, and C) lung. The p-values were calculated using ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s multiple-comparison test, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001. Error bars are mean ± SEM values.