Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics and response to SSRI.
| Total (n = 95) | Open question outcome (n = 93) | Group differences | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (n = 9) | 1 (n = 25) | 2 (n = 25) | 3 (n = 27) | 4 (n = 7) | |||
| Age (min–max) | 43.5 (21–72) | 47.7 (25–72) | 44.3 (21–68) | 43.1 (22–62) | 40.7 (25–58) | 46.3 (30–57) | No (BF = 0.13) |
| Gender (f/m) | 80/15 | 8/1 | 19/6 | 21/4 | 24/3 | 6/1 | ~ (BF = 0.34) |
| Hospitalization during COVID | 3 (3.2%) | 3 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | Yes (BF = 16.4) |
| Medical history | |||||||
| Auto-immune diseases | 9 (9.5%) | 1 (11.1%) | 2 (8.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ~ (BF = 0.48) |
| Asthma/allergies | 46 (48.4%) | 2 (22.2%) | 14 (56.0%) | 15 (60.0%) | 12 (44.4%) | 3 (42.9%) | No (BF = 0.22) |
| Pfeiffer/Dengue | 3 (3.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (11.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | ~ (BF = 1.05) |
| Connective tissue disorders | 10 (10.5%) | 1 (11.1%) | 5 (20.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ~ (BF = 1.05) |
| ME/CVS | 3 (3.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ~ (BF = 0.47) |
| Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ~ (BF = 0.58) |
| Psychiatric disorders: anxiety, panic, depression, or AD(H)D | 7 (7.4%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 2 (7.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | ~ (BF = 0.38) |
| Time gap in months between start PCS and SSRI (min–max) | 15 (3–36) | 20 (9–34) | 16 (3–31) | 14 (3–36) | 14 (6–33) | 15 (3–26) | No (BF = 0.18) |
| SSRI type: sigma1 agonists | |||||||
| Citalopram | 46 (48.4%) | 4 (44.4%) | 10 (40.0%) | 17 (68.0%) | 13 (48.1%) | 2 (28.6%) | No (BF = 0.096) |
| Fluvoxamine | 15 (15.8%) | 2 (22.2%) | 2 (8.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 2 (7.4%) | 4 (57.1%) | |
| Venlafaxine | 17 (17.9%) | 2 (22.2%) | 7 (28.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 5 (18.5%) | 1 (14.3%) | |
| Escitalopram | 10 (10.5%) | 1 (11.1%) | 4 (16.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 4 (14.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Fluoxetine | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| SSRI type: Sigma 1 antagonists | |||||||
| Sertraline/Paroxetine | 5 (5.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 2 (7.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
The column ‘Group differences’ indicates the amount of evidence for a group difference (BF > 1) or no group difference (BF < 1) between the 5 groups on the respective characteristic. ~ indicates no strong evidence in either direction (i.e., BF between 1/3 and 3). The effect of SSRI type on open question outcome is tested in a single Bayesian ANOVA. Note that one patient initially used sertraline (outcome 0) but switched to citalopram (outcome 2).