Table 1.
Omicron variant infection in patients with hematological malignancies.
| reference | Total (N) | Age, (IQR)/[range] | Clinical characteristics | Mortality (%) | Omicron related mortality (%) | Vaccination (%) | Inpatient (%) | Clinical Severity | Risk factors for hospitalization/death | Protective/irrelevant factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Pagano et al., 2022) | 1548 | 66 (55-75) | 68.7% omicron 76% lymphoid malignancies 23.0% myeloid malignancies 0.7% AA |
149/1548 (9.2) | 41/517 (7.9) | Vaccinated (100) | 53.2 | 18.3% asymptomatic 39.0% mild 32.9% severe 9.8% critical |
Older age (HR 1.042) Active disease (HR 1.981) ≥ 2 comorbidities (HR 1.503) |
Protective: NmAb (HR 0.155) NmAb + antivirals (HR 0.407) Irrelevant: Treatment of HM |
| (Kohn et al., 2022) | 63 | 66 (21–97) | 54.0% omicron 46.0% unknown 82.5% lymphoma 17.5% CLL |
4/63 (6.3) | 3/34 (8.8) | Vaccinated (95.2) ≥ 3 doses (76.2) 2 doses (17.5) |
33.3 | 14.3% asymptomatic 52.4% mild 33.3% severe |
Refectory disease (P<0.001) Age ≥ 70 (P=0.016) |
Irrelevant: Anti-CD20 Mab (P=0.59) |
| (Bronstein et al., 2022) | 131 | 68 (57-68) | 100% omicron 45.0% NHL 27.5% MM 27.5% CLL |
7/131 (5.3) | 7/131 (5.3) | ≥ 3 doses (87.1) | 26.7 | 85.5% mild/moderate 14.5% severe/critical |
CLL (OR 2.7) Active hematologic treatment (OR 2.9) |
Irrelevant: Anti-CD20 Mab NmAb |
| (Blennow et al., 2022) | 593 | 66 (54-75) | 100% omicron 70.3% lymphoproliferative malignancies 26.0% myeloproliferative malignancies 3.7% other |
54/593 (9.1) | 54/593 (9.1) | Vaccinated (83.1) ≥ 2 doses (78.6) 1 dose (4.6) |
52.1 | 8.9% critical | Older age (HR 1.044) Active malignancy (HR 2.473) |
Protective: Booster shot (HR 0.286) Sotrovimab, Evusheld (HR 0.13) Irrelevant: Anti-CD20 Mab |
| (Shaw et al., 2022) | 75 | 70 [18-91] | 72.0% omicron 44.0% lymphoma 33.3% MM 10.7% myeloproliferative malignancies 8.0% MDS 4.0% AL |
4/75 (5.3) | - | Vaccinated (86.7) 2 doses (57.3) 3 doses (25.3) |
49.3 | - | Age ≥ 70 (RR 5.9) | Protective: Omicron BA.1 infection (RR 0.5) ≥ 2 doses of vaccine (RR 0.5) Irrelevant: Anti-CD20 Mab Sotrovimab |
| (Rasmussen et al., 2022) | 1104 | 70 (59-77) | 66.6% omicron 9.9% delta 23.5% unknown |
96/1104 (8.7) | - | Vaccinated (100) 2 doses (10.1) ≥ 3 doses (86.0) |
36.1 | - | Age ≥ 65 (aHR 7.11) Delta variant infection (aHR 1.71) |
Protective: Booster shot (aHR 0.26-0.37) |
| (Martin-Onraët et al., 2022) | 115 | 50 (35-63) | 100% omicron 52.2% NHL 14.0% ALL 10.4% AML 10.4% HL 7.8% myeloma/plasmacytoma 3.5% CLL 1.7% MDS |
9/115 (7.8) | 9/115 (7.8) | Vaccinated (77.2) 2 doses (43.8) 3 doses (20.2) |
46.1 | 52.6% mild 9.7% moderate 28.0% severe/critical |
- | Irrelevant: Remdesivir |
| (Bołkun et al., 2023) | 175 | 56 (18–86) | 100% omicron 45.1% lymphoma 33.7% MDS/AML 21.1% MM |
7/175 (4.0) | 7/175 (4.0) | Vaccinated (77.1) 3 doses (49.7) |
20.0 | - | ECOG <2 (P=0.0007) Hb <10 g/dL (P=0.0385) |
Irrelevant: Anti-CD20 Mab (P=0.987) Conventional chemotherapy (P=0.872) Type of HM (P=0.282) |
| (Yan et al., 2022) | 156 | 62 [12-91] | 100% omicron 42.3% leukemia/MDS 39.7% lymphoma 17.9% myeloma/amyloidosis |
4/156 (2.3) | 4/156 (2.3) | Vaccinated (80.8) | 18.6 | - | Anti-CD20 Mab (OR 5.59) Relapse/refractory disease (OR 5.69) |
Protective: Early sotrovimab Irrelevant: Systemic steroids (P=0.631) |
| (Cattaneo et al., 2023) | 94 | - | 84.2% omicron 40.4% lymphoma 18.1% MDS-MPS 14.9% MM 12.8% AL 13.8% other |
11/94 (11.7) | - | Vaccinated (91.5) 3 doses (41.5) |
42.6 | - | Anti-CD20 Mab | Irrelevant: Vaccination |
| (Mikulska et al., 2023) | 328 | 66 [16-89] | 94.2% omicron 33.8% NHL 23.8% MM 19.5% AL 10.1% CLL 2.7% MDS 10.1% other |
18/328 (5.5) | 7/309 (2.3) | Vaccinated (91.7) ≥ 3 doses (65) |
12.8 | - | Older age (HR 1.056) AML/MDS (HR 5.172) |
Protective: Omicron infection (HR 0.237) |
| (Zhu et al., 2023) | 412 | 48 (39-64) | 100% omicron 38.3% AL 24.5% CML 21.8% plasma cell disorders 12.6% lymphoma/CLL 1.5% MDS 1.2% other |
9/412 (2.2) | 9/412 (2.2) | Vaccinated (65.3) | 100 | 94.7% mild/moderate 5.3% severe/critical |
Age ≥ 65 (HR 2.941) Comorbidities (HR 5.581) Active disease (HR 2.428) |
Irrelevant: Type of HM (P=0.077) |
AA, aplastic anemia; NmAb, neutralizing monoclonal antibody; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; MM, multiple myeloma; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; AL, acute leukemia; NHL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; HL, Hodgkin’s lymphoma; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score standard; Hb, hemoglobin; MDS-MPS, myelodysplastic‐myeloproliferative syndromes.