Fig. 1.

Photographs showing the surgical procedures as: (a, b) aseptic preparation of mandibular area (c, d) surgical incision and blunt dissection till reach periosteum, (e, f) periosteum was incised developing a subperiosteal flap and muscles and soft tissues elevation and retraction. The lateral side of the mandible was visible (black arrow), (g) a 10-mm a partial thickness bony defect crossing through the lateral bony cortex, tooth roots, and trabecular bone in the premolar/molar area (orange arrow). (h) filling the mandibular defect with alginate-based hydrogel scaffold loaded with rosuvastatin silica nanoparticles (AL-RSNP) (purple arrow), (i) surgical wound and skin closure with Vicryl 4/0. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)