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. 2023 Aug 28;36(11):1619–1631. doi: 10.5713/ab.23.0206

Table 2.

The effects of dietary fiber on endocrine and metabolic status of gestating sows1)

Main source Inclusion rate (%) Fiber composition in diet2) (%) Feed allowance3) (kg/d) Feeding length The presence or absence of a positive response References
Control Treatment Control Treatment
SDF IDF SDF IDF Hormone Immune Antioxidant Metabolite
Sunflower meal 9.75 Not provided Not provided 2.40 2.80 Gestating period ○ - - × [43]4),5)
Wheat bran 9.75
Sugar beet pulp 19.50
Soybean hulls 9.75
Corn gluten feed 3.00
Soybean hulls 8.00 1.90 11.4 2.80 20.6 Based on backfat thickness and body weight d 90 of gestation to farrowing × - - ○ [44]
Wheat bran 8.00
Sunflower meal 8.00
Sugar beet pulp 8.00
Soybean hulls 12.2 5.00 10.6 5.40 16.9 2.26 2.36 d 73 of gestation to farrowing × - - × [45]5)
24.4 7.50 20.7 2.56
Oat straws 10.0 2.70 17.4 2.55 23.0 2.40 2.40 d 86 of gestation to farrowing ○ - - × [52]
2.50 23.2
Wheat straws 2.60 23.4 × - - ○
2.50 23.0
Inulin 2.50 No control diet 3.87 15.0 No control diet 2.44 Gestating period - ○ ○ - [71]
Cellulose 0.00
Inulin 1.50 2.87 16.0
Cellulose 1.00
Inulin 0.50 1.87 17.0 - × × -
Cellulose 2.00
Inulin 0.00 1.37 17.5
Cellulose 2.50
Resistant starch 5.00 2.23 16.2 7.28 17.6 2.57 Gestating period ○ - ○ - [69]4)
Fermented soybean fiber 5.00 Not provided × - ○ -
Inulin 0.80 3.63 23.0 4.34 22.7 3.30 d 80 of gestation to farrowing × - ○ - [46]
1.60 5.05 22.5 × - ○ -
2.40 5.77 22.2 × - ○ -
Wheat bran 16.4 1.92 15.6 3.22 29.7 3.00 3.20 d 90 of gestation to farrowing - ○ ○ × [70]5)
Soybean hull 16.4
Wheat bran 12.0 5.06 28.4 - ○ ○ ×
Soybean hull 12.0
Sugar beet pulp 11.4
Wheat bran 20.0 No control diet Not provided No control diet 2.12 d 30 of gestation to weaning - - - × [94]4)
Soya hulls 20.0 2.15 - - - ○
Rice hulls 20.0 2.20 - - - ×
Guar gum plus pregelatinized waxy maize starch 2.00 Not provided Not provided 2.42 Gestating period - ○ - ○ [35]
Wheat bran 18.0 1.57 10.9 2.02 15.3 2.40 2.56 Gestating period - × - ○ [93]5)
Wheat bran and fiber mix (Wheat bran / fiber) 16.4 / 1.0 2.16 15.6
14.8 / 2.0 2.29 15.8
13.2 / 3.0 2.42 16.0
11.6 / 4.0 2.56 16.2
Inulin 2.60 1.10 9.14 2.77 30.3 2.27 2.73 Gestating period ○ - - ○ [10]
Cellulose 18.2
Alfalfa meal 10.0 2.12 15.9 2.23 22.7 Recommendations of NRC (2012) d 60 of gestation to farrowing - ○ ○ - [37]4)
Wheat bran 30.0 1.39 9.98 1.86 20.0 3.00 3.31 d 80 of gestation to weaning - ○ - × [62]5),6)
Sugar beet pulp 20.0 4.06 17.5 3.07 - ○ - ○
Wheat bran 36.4 1.58 8.17 2.4 19.7 2.38 Gestating period × - × × [95]4)
Chicory meal 23.6 Not provided × - × ○
Soybean curd residue 17.8 × - × ×
Corn gluten 27.0 × - × ○
Rice bran meal 46.5 × - × ×
Fine wheat bran 20.0 2.20 18.3 2.79 17.6 2.51 Gestating period ○ ○ - ○ [48]
Inulin 0.83 0 0 0.83 20.0 2.40 2.90 Insemination to d 106 of gestation ○ - - - [90]
Cellulose 20.0
Lignocellulose 1.50 2.18 17.3 2.10 18.0 3.00 3.03 d 85 of gestation to farrowing × ○ - - [18]4),5)
Resistant starch 2.00 4.10 16.5 3.04 ○ ○ - -
Konjac flour 2.00 2.17 14.8 3.04
1)

A circle sign (○) represents significant difference at p<0.05, a multiplication sign (×) represents no difference at p>0.05, no control diet; comparison between treatments.

2)

SDF, soluble dietary fiber; IDF, insoluble dietary fiber; IDF:SDF, insoluble dietary fiber to soluble dietary fiber ratio.

3)

Weighted average value based on feeding length during gestating period.

4)

The fiber composition in diet was calculated value based on previous study [9,12,19,76,96].

5)

The control and treatment groups were adjusted to have similar metabolizable or digestible energy intake through different feed intake.

6)

Dietary fiber composition of lactation diet; the control, wheat bran, and sugar beet pulp diets contained 11.8%, 16.8%, and 16.9% total dietary fiber, 1.43%, 2.72%, and 1.70% soluble dietary fiber, and 10.4%, 14.1%, and 15.2% insoluble dietary fiber, respectively.