Neuronal activation following optogenetic stimulation in dDG of GRov mice. (A) The extent of neuronal activation in the brain following light stimulation in dDG as revealed by ISH. Higher cFos mRNA expression can be seen in key brain regions following activation of dDG compared to the no stimulation group. Representative images are shown ranging from Bregma 1.18 mm (indicated by the no. 1) through Bregma −3.08 mm (indicated by the no. 8). (B) Images were quantitatively analyzed. Two-way ANOVA analyses were performed on listed regions, followed by Šídák's multiple comparisons test. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant genotype × light interaction in DG [F(1, 19) = 4.58, P < 0.05]; a tendency to be significance in LS [F(1, 19) = 4.18, P = 0.055] and in CA1 [F(1, 19) = 3.16, P = 0.09]. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 versus respective no stimulation group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 versus WT group under the same condition. Mean ± SEM. WT (light off), n = 5 mice; WT (light on), n = 7 mice; GRov (light off), n = 4 mice; GRov (light on), n = 7 mice.