Table 1.
Study characteristics of included studies.
| Author, year | Design | Participants, n | Health condition | Age, year | Intervention | Duration (week) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment group | Control group | ||||||
| Arjmandi, US, 1998 | RA/DB/crossover | F: 34 | Postmenopausal women | Int: 55.44, Con: 57.54 | 38,000 mg/day whole flaxseed | Sunflower seed | 6 |
| Lucas, USA, 2002 | RA/DB/parallel | F: 36 Int: 20, Con: 16 | Postmenopausal women | Int: 54, Con: 55 | 40,000 mg/day ground whole flaxseed | Wheat | 12 |
| Wahnefried, USA, 2008 | RA/SB/parallel | M: 81 Int: 40, Con: 41 M: 80 Int: 40, Con: 40 |
Prostate Cancer | Int: 60.2, Con: 58.2 Int: 59.3, Con: 59.2 |
30,000 mg/day flaxseed-supplemented diet, 30,000 mg/day flaxseed-supplemented diet+ low-fat diet | Usual diet, low-fat diet | 4.5 |
| Patade, USA, 2008 | RA/SB/parallel | F: 26 Int: 17, Con: 9 | Postmenopausal women | 47-63 | 30,000 mg/day flaxseed | Control | 12 |
| Simbalista, Brazil, 2009 | RA/DB/parallel | F: 38 Int: 20, Con: 18 | Postmenopausal women | Int: 52, Con: 52.7 | 25,000 mg/day ground flaxseed | Wheat bran | 12 |
| Vargas, USA, 2011 | RA/DB/parallel | F: 34 Int: 17, Con: 17 | PCOS | Int: 29.4, Con: 28.9 | 3,500 mg/day flaxseed oil (capsule) | Soybean oil | 6 |
| Colli, Brazil, 2012 | RA/parallel | F: 53 Int: 28, Con: 25 F: 47 Int: 22, Con: 25 |
Menopausal | Int: 53.57, Con: 56.57 Int: 54.16, Con: 56.57 |
1,000 mg/d flaxseed Extract (lignan) 90,000 mg/d flaxseed meal |
Collagen | 24 |
| Mirmasoumi, Iran, 2017 | RA/DB/parallel | F: 60 Int: 30, Con: 30 | PCOS | Int: 28.4, Con: 27 | 1000 mg/day flaxseed oil (capsule) | Liquid paraffin | 12 |
| Chang, Canada, 2018 | RA/SB/parallel | F: 99 Int: 48, Con: 51 | Postmenopausal women | 60 | 15,000 mg/day ground flaxseed | Usual diet | 7 |
| Haidari, Iran, 2020 | RA/parallel | F: 41 Int: 21, Con: 20 | PCOS | Int: 27.21, Con: 26.13 | 30,000 mg/day brown milled flaxseed powder + lifestyle modification | Lifestyle modification | 12 |