Table 3.

Pre- and Posttest Differences in Outcome Measures for Patients and Caregivers

Variable	Patient (n = 18)				Caregivers (n = 18)
	Pretest mean (SD)	Posttest mean (SD)	p*	Effect size (r)	Pretest mean (SD)	Posttest mean (SD)	p*	Effect size (r)
R-ACP	16.5 (5.04)	16.78 (4.52)	0.25	—	14.39 (6.42)	15.67 (5.04)	0.07	—
PCQa	36.33 (4.70)	36.89 (4.17)	0.49	—	33.54 (5.07)	—	0.32	—
Cognitive compensation	12.61 (2.06)	12.83 (2.01)	—	—	10.56 (2.57)	10.44 (2.2)	—	—
Frequency	11.17 (1.95)	11.33 (1.50)	—	—	10.94 (2.14)	11.50 (2.04)	—	—
Enjoyment	12.56 (1.82)	12.72 (1.49)	—	—	12.28 (1.74)	12.56 (1.46)	—	—
DCSa	16.93 (12.54)	11.89 (11.62)	0.02	0.38	20.60 (14.06)	15.16 (12.40)	<0.01	0.46
	Median = 22.66	Median = 9.38			Median = 23.44	Median = 11.72
Informed decision	17.59 (13.06)	15.74 (12.75)	—	—	17.12 (14.98)	13.43 (13.45)	—	—
	Median = 25.00	Median = 20.83			Median = 20.56	Median = 16.67
Values	18.06 (14.92)	13.43 (14.61)	—	—	18.98 (16.37)	13.89 (15.39)	—	—
	Median = 25.00	Median = 12.50			Median = 25.00	Median = 8.33
Support	13.89 (12.46)	8.33 (11.43)	0.42**	—	20.37 (12.20)	16.25 (14.46)	0.56**	—
	Median = 16.67	Median = 0.00			Median = 25.00	Median = 16.67
Uncertainty	19.91 (16.7)	10.65 (13.65)	0.02**	0.44	26.91 (22.35)	18.52 (12.31)	0.05**	—
	Median = 25.00	Median = 4.17			Median = 25.00	Median = 25.00
Effective decision	15.62 (13.43)	11.46 (13.26)	0.21**	—	22.22 (16.77)	13.89 (13.65)	0.01**	0.49
	Median = 21.88	Median = 3.12			Median = 25.00	Median = 15.62

Bolded values indicate statistical significance at the p < level (unadjusted).

^* Normally distributed variables were assessed with paired t tests; non-normally distributed variables were assessed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

^** Bonferroni adjusted p-value.

^a Missing values were imputed using the missForest package in R.