Table 2. Concentration of Markers of Glycoxidative Stress (Means ± Standard Deviation) in the Tissues from Each Compartment of the Gastrointestinal Tract from Wistar Rats (n = 6 Per Group) Fed Ad Libitum for 10 Weeks with a Control Base Diet and either Drinking Water (Control) or a 30% Fructose Water Solution (Fructose).
| α-AS1 | γ-GS2 | total PPC3 | APOPs4 | TBARS5 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stomach | control | 0.38e ± 0.09 | 0.22c ± 0.02 | 0.61d ± 0.14 | 350f ± 22 | 0.26b ± 0.06 |
| fructose | 0.69d ± 0.12 | 0.46b ± 0.05 | 1.15c ± 0.22 | 506d ± 31 | 0.29b ± 0.04 | |
| jejunum | control | 1.29c ± 0.16 | 0.50a ± 0.07 | 1.80b ± 0.25 | 439e ± 30 | 0.38a ± 0.06 |
| fructose | 1.38c ± 0.19 | 0.56a ± 0.06 | 1.95b ± 0.31 | 627c ± 44 | 0.41a ± 0.09 | |
| colon | control | 1.99b ± 0.25 | 0.12d ± 0.03 | 2.03b ± 0.29 | 840b ± 87 | 0.36ab ± 0.07 |
| fructose | 2.45a ± 0.29 | 0.15d ± 0.04 | 2.61a ± 0.32 | 1203a ± 99 | 0.41a ± 0.11 | |
| p-value6 | stage | *** | *** | ** | *** | * |
| diet | *** | ** | ** | *** | ns | |
| S × D | * | ** | * | ns | ns |
α-Aminoadipic semialdehyde. Results are expressed as nmol carbonyl/mg protein.
γ-Glutamic semialdehyde. Results are expressed as nmol carbonyl/mg protein.
Total primary protein carbonyls. Results are expressed as nmol carbonyl/mg of protein.
Advanced protein oxidation products. Results are expressed as arbitrary fluorescent units.
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Results are expressed as mg MDA/100 g sample (feed, digests, feces).
Significance level in two-way ANOVA with the effects of the stage (S) (feed, GIT compartments, feces), diet (D) (control vs fructose), and the interaction (S × D).
Means with different letters within the same column were significantly different in Tukey post hoc analysis (p < 0.05). ns: no significance, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.