Table 1.
Amino acids and metabolites involved in epigenetics and PTMs related to T cell immunity
| Amino acid | Metabolic intermediates | Epigenetic modifications | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Methionine | SAM | Methylation | [37] |
| Proline | / | Methylation | [67] |
| Glutamine | α-KG | Demethylation | [68] |
| Glutamine | Acetyl-CoA | Acetylation | [37] |
| BCAAs | Acetyl-CoA | Acetylation | [37] |
| PTMs | |||
| Lysine | Hypusine | Hypusination | [69] |
| Arginine | ONOO- | Nitrosylation of thiol | [70] |
| Arginine | ONOO- | Nitration of tyrosine | [70] |
| Glutamine | UDP-GlcNAc | O-GlcNAcylation | [38] |
| Glutamine | Glucosamine 6-phosphate | Glycosylation | [71] |
Abbreviations: PTMs post-translational modifications, SAM S-adenosyl methionine, α-KG α-ketoglutarate, BCAAs branched-chain amino acids, ONOO- peroxynitrite, UDP-GlcNAc uridine diphosphate n-acetyl glucosamine