Table 2.
Correlates of experiencing violence among all participants in the past year
| Variables | Any Violence | Physical Violence | Threatened Violence | Sexual Violence | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N (%) | PR[95% CI] | n/N (%) | PR[95% CI] | n/N (%) | PR[95% CI] | n/N (%) | PR[95% CI] | |
| Total | ||||||||
| 1439/3302[44%] | 1152/3302[35%] | 758/3302[23%] | 232/3302[7%] | |||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1074/2336[46%] | 1(Ref) | 839/2336 [36%] | 1(Ref) | 609/2336 [26%] | 1(Ref) | 124/2336 [5%] | 1(Ref) |
| Female | 365/966 [38%] | 0.82 **[0.75, 0.9] | 313/966 [32%] | 0.9[0.81, 1] | 149/966 [15%] | 0.59 **[0.5, 0.7] | 108/966 [11%] | 2.11 **[1.65, 2.7] |
| Age | ||||||||
| 18–30 years | 542/1273 [43%] | 1(Ref) | 442/1273 [35%] | 1(Ref) | 273/1273 [21%] | 1(Ref) | 97/1273 [8%] | 1(Ref) |
| 31–40 years | 623/1354 [46%] | 1.08[0.99, 1.18] | 504/1354 [37%] | 1.07[0.97, 1.19] | 333/1354 [25%] | 1.15[1, 1.32] | 105/1354 [8%] | 1.02[0.78, 1.33] |
| > 40 years | 274/675 [41%] | 0.95[0.85, 1.07] | 206/675 [31%] | 0.88[0.77, 1.01] | 152/675 [23%] | 1.05[0.88, 1.25] | 30/675 [4%] | 0.58 *[0.39, 0.87] |
| Region | ||||||||
| Nairobi | 595/1714 [35%] | 1(Ref) | 510/1714 [30%] | 1(Ref) | 260/1714 [15%] | 1(Ref) | 54/1714 [3%] | 1(Ref) |
| Coast | 844/1588 [53%] | 1.53 **[1.41, 1.66] | 642/1588 [40%] | 1.36 **[1.24, 1.49] | 498/1588 [31%] | 2.07 **[1.81, 2.36] | 178/1588 [11%] | 3.56 **[2.64, 4.79] |
| Marital Status | ||||||||
| Single | 537/1368 [39%] | 1(Ref) | 445/1368 [33%] | 1(Ref) | 265/1368 [19%] | 1(Ref) | 84/1368 [6%] | 1(Ref) |
| Married | 365/857 [43%] | 1.08[0.98, 1.2] | 276/857 [32%] | 0.99[0.87, 1.12] | 204/857 [24%] | 1.23 *[1.05, 1.44] | 71/857 [8%] | 1.35[1, 1.83] |
| Partnered | 121/221 [55%] | 1.39 **[1.22, 1.6] | 95/221 [43%] | 1.32 *[1.11, 1.57] | 72/221 [33%] | 1.68 **[1.35, 2.09] | 24/221 [11%] | 1.77 *[1.15, 2.72] |
| Divorced/ Separated/ Widow | 416/854 [49%] | 1.24 **[1.13, 1.37] | 336/854 [39%] | 1.21 *[1.08, 1.35] | 217/854 [25%] | 1.31 **[1.12, 1.54] | 53/854[6%] | 1.01[0.72, 1.41] |
| Employment | ||||||||
| Formal | 76/176 [43%] | 1(Ref) | 57/176 [32%] | 1(Ref) | 42/176 [24%] | 1(Ref) | 13/176 [7%] | 1(Ref) |
| Self-employ | 151/391 [39%] | 0.89[0.72, 1.1] | 119/391 [30%] | 0.94[0.72, 1.22] | 75/391 [19%] | 0.8[0.58, 1.12] | 26/391 [7%] | 0.9[0.47, 1.71] |
| Informal | 218/511 [43%] | 0.99[0.81, 1.2] | 172/511 [34%] | 1.04[0.81, 1.33] | 124/511 [24%] | 1.02[0.75, 1.38] | 16/511 [3%] | 0.42 *[0.21, 0.86] |
| Illegal | 243/491 [49%] | 1.15[0.95, 1.39] | 200/491 [41%] | 1.26[0.99, 1.6] | 121/491 [25%] | 1.03[0.76, 1.4] | 59/491 [12%] | 1.63[0.92, 2.89] |
| No income or partner family support | 95/256 [37%] | 0.86[0.68, 1.08] | 78/256 [30%] | 0.94[0.71, 1.25] | 50/256 [20%] | 0.82[0.57, 1.18] | 26/256 [10%] | 1.38[0.73, 2.6] |
| Housing | ||||||||
| Stable | 1238/2888 [43%] | 1(Ref) | 976/2888 [34%] | 1(Ref) | 646/2888 [22%] | 1(Ref) | 218/2888 [8%] | 1(Ref) |
| Unstable | 201/410 [49%] | 1.14 *[1.03, 1.27] | 176/410 [43%] | 1.27 **[1.12, 1.44] | 112/410 [27%] | 1.22 *[1.03, 1.45] | 14/410 [3%] | 0.45 *[0.27, 0.77] |
| Partner type | ||||||||
| Injecting | 988/2326 [42%] | 1(Ref) | 782/2326 [34%] | 1(Ref) | 512/2326 [22%] | 1(Ref) | 144/2326 [6%] | 1(Ref) |
| Sexual | 256/590 [43%] | 1.02 [0.92, 1.13] | 206/590 [35%] | 1.04[0.92, 1.18] | 154/590 [26%] | 1.19 *[1.01, 1.39] | 59/590 [10%] | 1.62 *[1.21, 2.16] |
| Both sex and inject | 191/380 [50%] | 1.18 *[1.06, 1.32] | 162/380 [43%] | 1.27 **[1.11, 1.44] | 90/380 [24%] | 1.08[0.88, 1.31] | 27/380 [7%] | 1.15[0.77, 1.71] |
| HIV status | ||||||||
| Negative | 1178/2697 [44%] | 1(Ref) | 937/2697 [35%] | 1(Ref) | 635/2697 [24%] | 1(Ref) | 177/2697 [7%] | 1(Ref) |
| Positive | 255/594 [43%] | 0.98[0.89, 1.09] | 211/594 [36%] | 1.02[0.91, 1.15] | 120/594 [20%] | 0.86[0.72, 1.02] | 54/594 [9%] | 1.39 *[1.03, 1.85] |
| ART | ||||||||
| On ART | 199/461 [43%] | 1(Ref) | 163/461 [35%] | 1(Ref) | 90/461 [20%] | 1(Ref) | 35/461 [8%] | 1(Ref) |
| Not on ART | 56/133 [42%] | 0.98[0.78, 1.22] | 48/133 [36%] | 1.02[0.79, 1.32] | 30/133 [23%] | 1.16[0.8, 1.67] | 19/133 [14%] | 1.88 *[1.11, 3.18] |
| Injecting drug use and Methadone status | ||||||||
| No active IDU/Methadone | 19/69 [28%] | 1(Ref) | 18/69 [26%] | 1(Ref) | 7/69 [10%] | 1(Ref) | 1/69 [1%] | 1(Ref) |
| Active IDU/Methadone | 229/475 [48%] | 1.75 *[1.18, 2.6] | 182/475 [38%] | 1.47 [0.97, 2.22] | 123/475 [26%] | 2.55 *[1.24, 5.24] | 56/475 [12%] | 8.13 *[1.14, 57.82] |
| Active IDU/ No Methadone | 904/2147 [42%] | 1.53 *[1.04, 2.25] | 729/2147 [34%] | 1.3 [0.87, 1.94] | 445/2147 [21%] | 2.04 *[1.01, 4.14] | 104/2147 [5%] | 3.34 [0.47, 23.6] |
| No active IDU/ No Methadone | 26/57 [46%] | 1.66 *[1.03, 2.67] | 22/57 [39%] | 1.48 [0.88, 2.48] | 12/57 [21%] | 2.08 [0.87, 4.92] | 5/57 [9%] | 6.05 [0.73, 50.33] |
*Significant at 0.05 alpha level (p value < 0.05)
**Significant at 0.001 alpha level (p value < 0.001)