. 2023 Nov 2;20:164. doi: 10.1186/s12954-023-00895-7

Table 5.

Bivariate and multivariate analyses on the prevalence of overall violence among all participants in the past year

Predictor variables of interest	Any violence (Outcome variable)
	Bivariate analysis			Multivariate analysis			Adjusted variables
	PR	95% CI	p value	PR	95% CI	p value	Adjusted variables
Sex
Male	1(Ref)						region, marital status, partner types, employment
Female	0.82	[0.75, 0.9]	< 0.001**	0.92	[0.77, 1.09]	0.31	region, marital status, partner types, employment
Region
Nairobi	1(Ref)						sex, marital status, partner types, employment
Coast	1.53	[1.41—1.66]	< 0.001**	1.48	[1.27, 1.72]	< 0.001**	sex, marital status, partner types, employment
Region (Male only)
Nairobi	1(Ref)						marital status, partner types, employment
Coast	1.35	[1.23, 1.48]	< 0.001**	1.31	[1.08, 1.59]	0.007*	marital status, partner types, employment
Region (Female only)
Nairobi	1(Ref)						marital status, partner types, employment
Coast	2.04	[1.75, 2.39]	< 0.001**	1.83	[1.42, 2.36]	< 0.001**	marital status, partner types, employment
Marital Status
Single	1(Ref)						region, sex, partner types, employment
Married	1.08	[0.98, 1.2]	0.121	1.01	[0.83, 1.22]	0.957
Partnered	1.39	[1.22, 1.6]	< 0.001**	1.26	[0.98, 1.62]	0.073
Divorced/ Separated/ Widow	1.24	[1.13, 1.37]	< 0.001**	1.15	[0.96, 1.37]	0.143
Housing
Stable	1(Ref)						employment, sex, marital status, partner types
Unstable	1.14	[1.03, 1.27]	0.019*	1.07	[0.88, 1.32]	0.494	employment, sex, marital status, partner types
Injecting drug use and Methadone status
No active IDU/ Methadone	1(Ref)						marital status, partner types, employment
Active IDU/ Methadone	1.75*	[1.18, 2.6]	0.001*	1.50	[0.81, 2.79]	0.198
Active IDU/ No Methadone	1.53*	[1.04, 2.25]	0.018*	1.39	[0.76, 2.54]	0.286
No active IDU/ No Methadone	1.66*	[1.03, 2.67]	0.041*	1.55	[0.72, 3.36]	0.263
Male participants’ sexual partners
Only women	1(Ref)						region, marital status, partner types, employment
Men (or both men and women)	1.36	[1.21, 1.54]	< 0.001**	1.14	[0.84, 1.55]	0.397	region, marital status, partner types, employment
Female participants’ sexual partners
Only men	1(Ref)						region, marital status, partner types, employment
Women (or both men and women)	1.61	[1.3, 1.99]	< 0.001**	1.27	[0.89, 1.81]	0.175	region, marital status, partner types, employment

^*Significant at 0.05 alpha level (p value < 0.05)

^**Significant at 0.001 alpha level (p value < 0.001)