Table 3.
A and B, Results From Regression Models of Associations (β [SE (β)]; p-Value) Between Measured Physical Abilities, Self-Reported Vigorous Physical Activity, and Processing Speed Factor.
| Variable | Model 1: Crude | Model 2: Adjusted for age, BMI, GDS | Model 3: Model 2 + Vigorous activity | Model 4: Stratified by dietary pattern | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vegetarian | Non-Vegetarian | ||||
| Physical abilities and self-reported vigorous physical activity | |||||
| PPT (each 4.4-point increase in total score) | 0.40 (0.08); p < 0.0001 | 0.21 (0.09); p = 0.02 | 0.25 (0.09); p = 0.009 | 0.38 (0.14); p = 0.008 | 0.10 (0.12) p = 0.44 |
| Vigorous activity (per SD MET-hours per week)* | −0.04 (0.09); p = 0.63 | −0.06 (0.08); p = 0.45 | 0.02 (0.13); p = 0.86 | −0.16 (0.10) p = 0.12 | |
| Covariates | |||||
| Age, years | −0.07 (0.01); p < 0.0001 | −0.05 (0.01); p < 0.0001 | −0.05 (0.01); p < 0.0001 | −0.06 (0.02); p = 0.001 | −0.04 (0.01); p = 0.01 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | ref | ||||
| Male | 0.08 (0.18); p = 0.64 | - | - | - | - |
| Race | |||||
| White | ref | ||||
| Non-White | −0.17 (0.22); p = 0.44 | - | - | - | - |
| Education, years | 0.02 (0.04); p = 0.57 | - | - | - | - |
| GDS† (per SD) | −0.17 (0.09); p = 0.06 | −0.14 (0.08); p = 0.07 | -0.13 (0.08); p = 0.09 | −0.11 (0.10); p = 0.30 | −0.27 (0.14); p = 0.05 |
| Vegetarian diet at baseline | |||||
| No | ref | ||||
| Yes | −0.23 (0.18); p = 0.20 | - | - | - | - |
| BMI (per SD) | −0.04 (0.09); p = 0.69 | 0.05 (0.08); p = 0.55 | 0.05 (0.09); p = 0.56 | 0.06 (0.13); p = 0.62 | 0.02 (0.11); p = 0.87 |
| ApoE genotype‡ | |||||
| 2/3 | ref | ||||
| 3/3 | −0.03 (0.29); p = 0.92 | - | - | - | - |
| 2/4, 3/4 or 4/4 | −0.23 (0.32); p = 0.47 | - | - | - | - |
| Variable | Model 1: Crude | Model 2: Adjusted for age, BMI, GDS | Model 3: Model 2 + Vigorous activity | Model 4: Stratified by dietary pattern | |
| Vegetarian | Non-Vegetarian | ||||
| Physical abilities and self-reported vigorous physical activity | |||||
| TUG time (each 2.8 secs lower) | 0.39 (0.08); p < 0.0001 | 0.21 (0.09); p = 0.02 | 0.27 (0.09); p = 0.006 | 0.35 (0.15); p = 0.02 | 0.14 (0.11); p = 0.23 |
|
Vigorous activity (per SD MET-hours per week)* |
−0.04 (0.09); p = 0.63 | −0.11 (0.08); p = 0.20 | −0.08 (0.14); p = 0.58 | −0.17 (0.10); p = 0.10 | |
| Covariates | |||||
| Age, years | −0.07 (0.01); p < 0.0001 | −0.06 (0.01); p < 0.0001 | −0.05 (0.01); p < 0.0001 | −0.06 (0.02); p = 0.0009 | −0.04 (0.01); p = 0.005 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | ref | ||||
| Male | 0.08 (0.18); p = 0.64 | ||||
| Race | |||||
| White | ref | ||||
| Non-White | −0.17 (0.22); p = 0.44 | ||||
| Education, years | 0.02 (0.04); p = 0.57 | ||||
| GDS† (per SD) | −0.17 (0.09); p = 0.06 | −0.14 (0.08); p = 0.06 | −0.15 (0.08); p = 0.06 | −0.12 (0.11); p = 0.26 | −0.28 (0.13); p = 0.04 |
| Vegetarian diet at baseline | |||||
| No | ref | ||||
| Yes | −0.23 (0.18); p = 0.20 | ||||
| BMI (per SD) | −0.04 (0.09); p = 0.69 | 0.04 (0.08); p = 0.66 | 0.03 (0.08); p = 0.75 | 0.03 (0.13); p = 0.81 | 0.01 (0.10); p = 0.91 |
| ApoE genotype‡ | |||||
| 2/3 | ref | ||||
| 3/3 | −0.03 (0.29); p = 0.92 | ||||
| 2/4, 3/4 or 4/4 | −0.23 (0.32); p = 0.47 | ||||
* Metabolic equivalents; †GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; ‡n = 100.