Table 1.
Between-Group Differences in Demographic and Clinical Characteristics, as Evaluated by Analyses of Variance or Chi-Square Tests.
| Non-hypertension, n = 18 | Well-controlled hypertension, n = 20 | Poor-controlled hypertension, n = 21 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 57.7 ± 4.8 | 58.1 ± 5.4 | 55.8 ± 4.5 | 0.275 |
| Sex (female, %) | 12 (66.7%) | 13 (65.0%) | 6 (28.6%) | 0.023 |
| Education, y | 13.5 ± 2.2 | 13.3 ± 1.9 | 14.9 ± 4.9 | 0.109 |
| History of diabetes, % | 0 | 2 (10.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0.389 |
| History of hyperlipemia, % | 13 (59.1%) | 12 (70.6%) | 15 (71.4%) | 0.546 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.2 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 0.198 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.4 ± 2.7 | 23.3 ± 2.1 | 25.2 ± 2.7 | 0.027 |
| Physical exercise, hour/week | 4.3 ± 3.4 | 4.7 ± 3.0 | 4.9 ± 3.9 | 0.843 |
| Presence of ApoE 4, % | 9 (50.0%) | 4 (20.0%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.030 |
| Presence of lacunes, % | 0 (0) | 2 (10.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0.389 |
| Fezakes score 0-1 of WMH, % | 4 (22.2%) | 7 (35.5%) | 7 (33.3%) | 0.653 |
| Fezakes score 2-3 of WMH, % | 0 (0) | 1 (5.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0.402 |
| Hypertension duration, y | 0 | 12.8 ± 11.9 | 8.3 ± 8.7 | <0.001 |
| Use of anti-hypertension drugs | 0 | 19 (95.0%) | 14 (66.7%) | <0.001 |
| All day MSBP, mmHg | 124.2 ± 7.5 | 122.9 ± 8.4 | 146.8 ± 8.4 | <0.001 |
| All day SBP-CV, % | 11.3 ± 2.9 | 10.8 ± 3.1 | 11.7 ± 3.5 | 0.648 |
| Daytime MSBP, mmHg | 128.1 ± 7.8 | 124.7 ± 9.5 | 150.0 ± 10.0 | <0.001 |
| Daytime SBP-CV, % | 9.6 ± 1.6 | 10.2 ± 3.1 | 11.1 ± 3.9 | 0.322 |
| Night MSBP, mmHg | 115.9 ± 9.8 | 118.9 ± 9.9 | 139.6 ± 13.7 | <0.001 |
| Night SBP-CV, % | 11.6 ± 5.1 | 9.2 ± 3.8 | 9.9 ± 3.3 | 0.198 |
| All day MDBP, mmHg | 73.1 ± 7.3 | 76.2 ± 7.1 | 90.6 ± 5.7 | <0.001 |
| All day DBP-CV, % | 14.7 ± 2.8 | 12.0 ± 4.0 | 14.0 ± 3.9 | 0.071 |
| Daytime MDBP, mmHg | 75.8 ± 7.5 | 77.7 ± 7.3 | 92.6 ± 6.4 | <0.001 |
| Daytime DBP-CV, % | 13.1 ± 1.7 | 11.6 ± 4.4 | 13.8 ± 3.9 | 0.153 |
| Night MDBP, mmHg | 67.6 ± 8.1 | 72.5 ± 7.5 | 84.5 ± 6.1 | <0.001 |
| Night DBP-CV, % | 14.7 ± 5.5 | 10.2 ± 3.5 | 11.7 ± 5.1 | 0.016 |
Data are shown as mean ± SD. N (%): percentages are based on the individual categories. BMI: Body Mass Index, WMH: white matter hyperintensities, MSBP: Mean systolic blood pressure, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, CV: Coefficient of variation, MDBP: Mean diastolic blood pressure, DBP: Diastolic blood pressure.