Table 1.
Characteristics of Sister Study participants at baseline by HEI-2015 quartiles
| Characteristics | Q1 (N=10059) | Q2 (N=10061) | Q3 (N=10061) | Q4 (N=10062) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||
| Age at baseline, years | 52.5 (8.7) | 54.4 (8.8) | 55.9 (8.7) | 57.9 (8.6) | ||||
| BMI at baseline, kg/m 2 | 28.5 (6.2) | 27.6 (5.7) | 26.8 (5.3) | 25.7 (4.9) | ||||
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | 1664.7 (668.1) | 1623.6 (616.1) | 1622.5 (577.6) | 1629.8 (525.3) | ||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Race and Ethnicity * | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 8585 | 85.4 | 8705 | 86.5 | 8820 | 87.7 | 9008 | 89.5 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 804 | 8.0 | 809 | 8.0 | 738 | 7.3 | 598 | 5.9 |
| Other | 670 | 6.7 | 547 | 5.4 | 503 | 5.0 | 456 | 4.5 |
| Educational Attainment | ||||||||
| ≤ High school diploma | 2040 | 20.3 | 1428 | 14.2 | 1165 | 11.6 | 1086 | 10.8 |
| Some college | 3885 | 38.6 | 3397 | 33.8 | 3182 | 31.6 | 2797 | 27.8 |
| ≥ College degree | 4134 | 41.1 | 5236 | 52.0 | 5714 | 56.8 | 6179 | 61.4 |
| Household Income | ||||||||
| <$50,000 | 2684 | 26.7 | 2157 | 21.4 | 2073 | 20.6 | 2218 | 22.0 |
| $50,000-$99,999 | 4301 | 42.8 | 4246 | 42.2 | 4133 | 41.1 | 4063 | 40.4 |
| ≥ 100,000 | 3074 | 30.6 | 3658 | 36.4 | 3855 | 38.3 | 3781 | 37.6 |
| ADI | ||||||||
| ≤ 17 | 2581 | 25.7 | 3243 | 32.2 | 3497 | 34.8 | 3754 | 37.3 |
| 18–39 | 3119 | 31.0 | 3235 | 32.1 | 3190 | 31.7 | 3258 | 32.4 |
| > 39 | 4359 | 43.3 | 3583 | 35.6 | 3374 | 33.5 | 3050 | 30.3 |
| Smoking Status | ||||||||
| Never | 5209 | 51.8 | 5690 | 56.6 | 5845 | 58.1 | 6079 | 60.4 |
| > 0 and < 10 pack-years | 1973 | 19.6 | 2240 | 22.3 | 2325 | 23.1 | 2398 | 23.8 |
| ≥ 10 and < 20 pack-years | 1051 | 10.5 | 948 | 9.4 | 895 | 8.9 | 777 | 7.7 |
| ≥ 20 pack-years | 1826 | 18.2 | 1183 | 11.8 | 996 | 9.9 | 808 | 8.0 |
| Alcohol Consumption | ||||||||
| Never | 310 | 3.1 | 294 | 2.9 | 305 | 3.0 | 357 | 3.6 |
| Former | 1661 | 16.5 | 1325 | 13.2 | 1157 | 11.5 | 1323 | 13.2 |
| Current drinker, <1 drink/day | 6770 | 67.3 | 6885 | 68.4 | 7005 | 69.6 | 6976 | 69.3 |
| Current drinker, 1–1.9 drink/day | 812 | 8.1 | 984 | 9.8 | 1047 | 10.4 | 941 | 9.4 |
| Current drinker, ≥ 2 drink/day | 506 | 5.0 | 573 | 5.7 | 547 | 5.4 | 465 | 4.6 |
| Hormone Therapy Use | ||||||||
| None | 6596 | 65.6 | 6079 | 60.4 | 5673 | 56.4 | 5082 | 50.5 |
| Estrogen only | 1780 | 17.7 | 1817 | 18.1 | 1945 | 19.3 | 2077 | 20.6 |
| Progesterone or combination therapy | 1683 | 16.7 | 2165 | 21.5 | 2443 | 24.3 | 2903 | 28.9 |
| Hormonal Birth Control Use | ||||||||
| No | 1185 | 11.8 | 1277 | 12.7 | 1336 | 13.3 | 1740 | 17.3 |
| Yes | 8874 | 88.2 | 8784 | 87.3 | 8725 | 86.7 | 8322 | 82.7 |
| Menopausal Status | ||||||||
| Premenopausal | 4590 | 45.6 | 3893 | 38.7 | 3274 | 32.5 | 2495 | 24.8 |
| Postmenopausal | 5469 | 54.4 | 6168 | 61.3 | 6787 | 67.5 | 7567 | 75.2 |
| High Cholesterol | ||||||||
| No | 8355 | 83.1 | 8260 | 82.1 | 8093 | 80.4 | 8011 | 79.6 |
| Yes | 1704 | 16.9 | 1801 | 17.9 | 1968 | 19.6 | 2051 | 20.4 |
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No hypertension | 4704 | 46.8 | 4917 | 48.9 | 4886 | 48.6 | 5205 | 51.7 |
| Pre-hypertensive | 752 | 7.5 | 712 | 7.1 | 781 | 7.8 | 719 | 7.2 |
| Hypertensive | 4603 | 45.8 | 4432 | 44.0 | 4394 | 43.7 | 4138 | 41.1 |
| Vitamin/Supplement Use | ||||||||
| None | 1144 | 11.4 | 937 | 9.3 | 779 | 7.7 | 668 | 6.6 |
| Few days/month or 1–3 days/week | 1170 | 11.6 | 1271 | 12.6 | 1128 | 11.2 | 867 | 8.6 |
| 4–6 days per week | 1116 | 11.1 | 1373 | 13.7 | 1489 | 14.8 | 1380 | 13.7 |
| Everyday | 3131 | 31.1 | 3939 | 39.2 | 4670 | 46.4 | 5656 | 56.2 |
| Missing | 3498 | 34.8 | 2541 | 25.3 | 1995 | 19.8 | 1491 | 14.8 |
| Family History of Type 2 Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | 3789 | 37.7 | 4058 | 40.3 | 4032 | 40.1 | 4214 | 41.9 |
| Yes | 5336 | 53.1 | 5198 | 51.7 | 5248 | 52.2 | 5103 | 50.7 |
| Missing | 934 | 9.3 | 805 | 8.0 | 781 | 7.8 | 745 | 7.4 |
| Quintiles of MET-hours of physical activity/week | ||||||||
| ≤ 24 | 9022 | 89.7 | 8339 | 82.9 | 7827 | 77.8 | 7056 | 70.1 |
| 25–38 | 615 | 6.1 | 967 | 9.6 | 1194 | 11.9 | 1555 | 15.5 |
| 39–53 | 252 | 2.5 | 418 | 4.2 | 557 | 5.5 | 809 | 8.0 |
| 53–75 | 121 | 1.2 | 233 | 2.3 | 330 | 3.3 | 414 | 4.1 |
| > 75 | 49 | 0.5 | 104 | 1.0 | 153 | 1.5 | 228 | 2.3 |
Abbreviations: HEI-2015, Healthy Eating Index 2015; BMI, body mass index; ADI, area deprivation index, type 2 diabetes; MET, metabolic equivalent
Quartile ranges: Q1: ≤ 65.75568, Q2: 65.75569–72.8042, Q3: 72.8043–79.0720, Q4: > 79.0720
*
Women in the “Other” race and ethnicity category identified as non-Hispanic for ethnicity and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, Asian, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or had no specified race