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. 2023 Oct 30;16:3625–3632. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S432601

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© 2023 Yu et al.

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Pain scores at 2 hrs, 8 hrs, and 24 hrs after surgery. Data are given as the mean ± SEM; OBA opioid-based anesthesia, OFA opioid-free anesthesia, VAS visual analog scale from 0 to 10. *P < 0.05, OFA vs OBA at the same time point.