TABLE 1.

Nanomedicines constructed by cyclodextrin‐based host–guest interactions.

CD‐based nanomedicines	Host/guest molecules	Cargoes	Purpose	Cancer cell type	Ref.
Poly(pseudo)rotaxane‐based nanocarriers	α‐CD/PEG	DOX	Targeted delivery and controlled release of DOX	4T1 and NIH3T3 cells	[26]
		MTX	To improve the anticancer activity of MTX	HepG2 cells	[27]
		Ce6, 3BP	Relief of tumor hypoxia to improve PDT efficiency and conversion autophagy from pro‐survival to pro‐death	4T1, HepG2, and KB cells	[28]
		GEM	Enhanced cancer cellular uptake and selective GEM release within cancer cells	BxPC‐3 cells	[29]
		NO, DOX	Mitochondria‐targeted delivery of NO and inhibition of drug resistance and cancer metastasis	MCF‐7 cells	[30]
Amphiphilic supramolecule‐based nanocarriers	β‐CD/BM	DOX	pH‐responsive release of DOX	HepG2 cells	[31]
	β‐CD/PS	PTX	To encapsulate and transfer PTX with a high loading capacity	‐	[32]
	β‐CD/Azo	DOX, SN‐38, phenytoin, and aliskiren	Supramolecular prodrug systems	MDA‐MB‐231 cells	[33]
	β‐CD/Fc	Ce6	Self‐amplified PDT to suppress primary breast cancer and bone metastases	4T1 cells	[34]
	β‐CD/Fc	pDNA	ROS‐responsive release of pDNA	COS‐7 cells	[35]
	β‐CD/Ada	PTX, shRNA	Co‐delivery of chemotherapeutics and siRNAs to suppress cancer growth more effectively	SKOV‐3 cells	[36]
Supramolecular hydrogels	α‐CD/PEG	DOX, ICG, CpG	Abundant tumor‐specific antigen storage in situ and combined immune therapy to inhibit primary tumor growth, tumor recurrence, and metastasis	B16F10 and B16‐OVA cells	[37]
	β‐CD/Ada	‐	Thermo‐responsive hydrogel formation	‐	[38]
	β‐CD/Azo	‐	Photo‐reversible supramolecular hydrogels	‐	[39]
	β‐CD/Fc	GOX, HRP‐H2O2	Fuel‐driven redox‐responsive hydrogel, a potential glucose sensor	‐	[40]
Supramolecular cross‐linked networks	β‐CD/Ada	CPT, PTX	Reversible control over the size, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging	‐	[41]
	β‐CD/PTX	PTX	Targeted delivery and responsive release of PTX	MCF‐7 cells	[42]
Polycatenane‐based nanocarriers	α‐CD/PEG	‐	Reversible conversion of supramolecule from polyrotaxane to poly(polyrotaxane)	‐	[43]
	β‐CD/PEG	‐	Simple synthesis and separation of polycatenanes	‐	[44]
Supramolecular gatekeepers	β‐CD/Ada	DOX	Active targeting and redox‐responsive drug release	SKOV‐3 cells	[45]
	β‐CD/BM	MXF	pH‐sensitive nanovalve systems	Tularemia	[46]
	β‐CD/Fc	R6G, DOX	pH/redox‐responsive nanovalve, drug size selectivity	‐	[47]
	β‐CD/Azo	FITC	Light‐responsive triggered system	‐	[48]
Supramolecular‐responsive linkers	β‐CD/Ada	JQ1, PPa	Supramolecular prodrug nano‐system, enhance photoimmunotherapy	Panc02 cells	[49]
	β‐CD/Fc	Pt, Ru	PTT, hypoxia relief, photoacoustic, PDT, and computed tomography imaging	4T1 cells	[50]
Supramolecular targeting ligands	β‐CD/Ada	siRNA, Tf	Translation from concept to the clinic for targeted delivery of siRNA	/	[51]
	β‐CD/Ada	BODIPY	Targeted photodynamic killing	MCF‐10A, and MDA‐MB‐231 cells	[52]
	β‐CD/CPT	CPT, RGD, 64Cu	Targeted delivery of CPT, PET imaging	4T1 cells	[16b]