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. 2023 Nov 3;14:7034. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42822-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Representative immunofluorescent image shows increased numbers of Atg8a-positive puncta (arrow) in Applˉ mutants compared to control flies. b Quantitative analysis shows significant increase in Atg8a-immunoreactive puncta in retinal sections from Applˉ flies compared to controls. p-value (Control vs Applˉ) = 0.0008. c Quantitative analysis indicates the number of Atg8a-immunoreactive puncta in retinal sections from flies expressing Drosophila Appl or transgenic RNAi directed to TGFβ components in retinal neurons. p-values for Applˉ vs punt Ri, Applˉ, Applˉ vs Activin Ri, Applˉ, and Applˉ vs Smox Ri, Applˉ are <0.0001. d Representative RNAi in situ (RNAScope) images show increased Atg8a mRNA (magenta) in the Applˉ retina compared to control. DAPI (blue) shows nuclei. e Quantitative analysis shows significantly increased Atg8a transcript levels in Applˉ mutants compared to controls. p-value (Control vs Applˉ) = 0.0031. f Representative immunofluorescent staining shows ubiquitin-positive aggregates (arrow) in flies overexpressing Atg8a (Atg8a OE) in neurons. g Quantitative analysis shows significantly increased numbers of ubiquitin-positive aggregates in sections of flies overexpressing Atg8a in retinal neurons. Control n = 7, Applˉ n = 8. p-value (Control vs Atg8a OE) = 0.0079. Control is nSyb-GAL4/+. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 two-tailed Student’s t-test (b, e, g) or one-way ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls posthoc test (c). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. n = 6 per genotype (b, c, e). Scale bars are 10 μm. Flies are 10 days old. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.