Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | With nicotine dependence N = 2231 | Without nicotine dependence N = 712 | Total N = 2943 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n% | |||
| Men | 2127 (95.3) | 663 (93.1) | 2790 (94.8) |
| Women | 104 (4.7) | 49 (6.9) | 153 (5.2) |
| Age (year) | |||
| Less than 40 | 528 (23.7) | 130 (18.3) | 658 (22.4) |
| 41–50 | 469 (21.0) | 111 (15.6) | 580 (19.7) |
| 51–60 | 597 (26.8) | 165 (23.2) | 762 (25.9) |
| 61 and above | 637 (28.6) | 306 (43.0) | 943 (32.0) |
| Mean (SD) | 52.07 (13.38) | 56.13 (14.33) | 53.05 (13.72) |
| Ethnicity, n% | |||
| Han | 2095 (93.9) | 665 (93.4) | 2760 (93.8) |
| Others | 136 (6.1) | 47 (6.6) | 183 (6.2) |
| Marriage, n% | |||
| Single | 164 (7.4) | 47 (6.6) | 211 (7.2) |
| Married | 2025 (90.8) | 638 (89.6) | 2663 (90.5) |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 42 (1.9) | 27 (3.8) | 69 (2.3) |
| Education, n% | |||
| Primary school or less | 211 (9.5) | 93 (13.1) | 304 (10.3) |
| Middle and high school | 1079 (48.4) | 381 (53.5) | 1460 (49.6) |
| College and higher | 941 (42.2) | 238 (33.4) | 1179 (40.1) |
| Monthly income (RMB) | |||
| <1000 | 101 (4.5) | 39 (5.5) | 140 (4.8) |
| 1000–2999 | 431 (19.3) | 158 (22.2) | 589 (20.0) |
| 3000–5999 | 959 (43.0) | 327 (45.9) | 1286 (43.7) |
| 6000–9999 | 475 (21.3) | 119 (16.7) | 594 (20.2) |
| >10,000 | 265 (11.9) | 69 (9.7) | 334 (11.3) |
| Residual location, n% | |||
| Eastern China | 322 (14.4) | 30 (4.2) | 352 (12.0%) |
| Northwest China | 388 (17.4) | 63 (8.8) | 451 (15.3%) |
| Northeast China | 515 (23.1) | 223 (31.3) | 738 (25.1%) |
| South China | 149 (6.7) | 34 (4.8) | 183 (6.2%) |
| North China | 563 (25.2) | 194 (27.2) | 757 (25.7%) |
| Central China | 260 (11.7) | 149 (20.9) | 409 (13.9%) |
| Southwest China | 34 (1.5) | 19 (2.7) | 53 (1.8%) |
| Self-reported health status, n% | |||
| Poor | 455 (20.4) | 119 (16.7) | 574 (19.5) |
| Average | 731 (32.8) | 232 (32.6) | 963 (32.7) |
| Good | 1045 (46.8) | 361 (50.7) | 1406 (47.8) |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD) | |||
| Systolic pressure | 125.63 (13.40) | 128.00 (40.05) | 126.20 (22.91) |
| Diastolic pressure | 77.70 (10.51) | 78.81 (10.47) | 77.97 (10.51) |
| Alcohol use, n% | |||
| Yes | 1333 (59.7) | 400 (56.2) | 1733 (58.9) |
| No | 898 (40.3) | 312 (43.8) | 1210 (41.1) |
| Body weight, mean (SD) | 72.11 (22.90) | 71.87 (11.74) | 72.06 (20.75) |
| Diseases at baseline, n% | |||
| Respiratory diseases | 698 (31.3) | 203 (28.5) | 901 (30.6) |
| CVD | 224 (10.9) | 50 (7.0) | 274 (9.3) |
| Cancer | 106 (4.8) | 23 (3.2) | 129 (4.4) |
| Other chronic diseases | 467 (20.9) | 146 (20.5) | 613 (20.8) |
| Depression | 65 (2.9) | 23 (3.2) | 88 (3.0) |
| Anxiety | 68 (3.0) | 25 (3.5) | 93 (3.2) |
| Cigarettes smoked per day | |||
| 1–9 | 122 (5.5) | 95 (13.3) | 217 (7.7) |
| 10–19 | 666 (29.9) | 368 (51.7) | 1034 (35.1) |
| 20–29 | 1185 (53.1) | 226 (31.7) | 1411 (47.9) |
| 30 and above | 258 (11.6) | 23 (3.2) | 281 (9.5) |
| Mean (SD) | 20.06 (9.16) | 16.09 (7.92) | 19.10 (9.04) |
| Smoking duration (year) | |||
| 1–9 | 159 (7.1) | 53 (7.4) | 211 (7.2) |
| 10–19 | 462 (20.7) | 116 (16.3) | 578 (19.6) |
| 20–29 | 541 (24.2) | 155 (21.8) | 696 (23.6) |
| 30 and above | 1069 (47.8) | 388 (54.5) | 1457 (49.5) |
| Mean (SD) | 27.98 (12.98) | 30.77 (14.49) | 28.66 (13.42) |
| FTND | |||
| 0–3 | 513 (23.0) | 404 (56.7) | 917 (31.2) |
| 4–6 | 991 (44.4) | 263 (36.9) | 1254 (42.6) |
| 7 and above | 727 (32.6) | 45 (6.3) | 772 (26.2) |
| Mean (SD) | 5.34 (2.31) | 3.13 (2.13) | 4.80 (2.45) |
| Treatment provided | |||
| Bupropion + behavioural counselling | 736 (33.0) | 229 (32.2) | 965 (32.8) |
| Behavioural counselling | 721 (32.3) | 214 (30.1) | 935 (31.8) |
| Varenicline + behavioural counselling | 576 (25.8) | 202 (28.4) | 778 (26.4) |
| Alternative treatments + behavioural counselling | 98 (4.4) | 37 (5.2) | 135 (4.6) |
| NRT + behavioural counselling | 100 (4.5) | 30 (4.2) | 130 (4.4) |
Note: Data are shown as number (%) or mean (SD). FTND: Fagerstr€om Test for Tobacco dependence.