Table 4:
Age and Sex distribution of NTM isolations from respiratory specimen (I) and NTM pulmonary disease (D) by Region
| North America | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Location (dates) | N | Mean Age (years) | Female (%) | COPD (%)/ Bronchiectasis (%)/History of TB (%) | Other Pulmonary Disease (%) |
|
| |||||
| Florida, U.S. (2011–2017)56 | I: 271 | 60.5 | 28.5 | 20.8/2.2/2.2 | Asthma (2.8), CF (11.1),ILD (3.6), Lung Cancer (7.5) |
|
| |||||
| Florida, U.S. (2012–2018)55 | D: 7963 (ICD-9/10) | - | 54 | 27.7/ 30.7/10.6 | CF (4.1) |
|
| |||||
| Hawaii, U.S. (2005– 2013)52 | I: 201 | 65.2 | 50 | 39.8/27.9/- | Lung Cancer (12) |
| D: 254+ | 66 | 57 | 43/44/- | Lung Cancer (11) | |
|
| |||||
| Hawaii, U.S. (2005–2019)53 | I: 739 | Median: 63 | 54 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| Illinois, U.S. (2000–2012)135 | I: 448 | 63.0 | 63 | 11–22#/-/5–9# | - |
|
| |||||
| Iowa, U.S. (1996–2017)136 | D: 185 | Median: 63 | 55 | 30.3/26.5/- | CF (7.6), ILD (5.9), Structural Lung Disease (60.5) |
|
| |||||
| North Carolina, U.S. (2006– 2010)58 | I: 750 | - | 41.2 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| North Carolina, U.S. (2006– 2010)38 | I: 507 | 60 | 51.8 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| Oregon, U.S. (2007–2012)10 | I: 806 | Median: 66 | 49.6 | -/-/- | - |
| D: 1146+ | Median: 69 | 55.7 | -/-/- | - | |
|
| |||||
| U.S. (2001– 2015)47 | I: 4676 (ICD-9/ICD-10) | - | 0.13 | 100/2.5/2.6 | Asthma (12.2), ILD (12.8), Lung Cancer (3.1) |
|
| |||||
| U.S. (2008– 2015)45 | D: 6280 (ICD-9/ICD-10) | 69 | 67.6 | 52.6/37/7 | Aspergillosis (3.0), Asthma (23.2), CF (1.7) |
|
| |||||
| U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Island Jurisdictions (2007–2011)54 | I: 35‡ | Median: 34.8 | 49.2 | 27.6/-/44.8 | - |
|
| |||||
|
| |||||
| Central & South America | |||||
|
| |||||
| Location (dates) | N | Mean Age (years) | Female (%) | COPD (%)/ Bronchiectasis (%)/History of TB (%) | Other Pulmonary Disease (%) |
|
| |||||
| Ceará, Brazil (2005–2016)65 | I: 69† | 38.6 | 26.1 | 11.9/-/73.8 | All (13)* |
|
| |||||
| French Guiana (2008–2018)61 | 178 (D: 31, I: 147) | 49 | 39.3 | 17/5/16 | Chronic Pulmonary Disease (33) |
|
| |||||
| Mexico City, Mexico (2001–2017)62 | D: 67 | Median: 52–61## | 48–50## | -/-/- | Any (13)* |
|
| |||||
| Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (2003–2013)63 | D: 100 | 54.6 | 49 | 17/22/85 | CF (1), Silicosis (1) |
|
| |||||
|
| |||||
| Europe | |||||
|
| |||||
| Location (dates) | N | Mean Age (years) | Female (%) | COPD (%)/ Bronchiectasis (%)/History of TB (%) | Other Pulmonary Disease (%) |
|
| |||||
| Belgium (2010–2017)138 | D: 165 | Median: 64 | 43 | 41.8/20/7.3 | Aspergillosis (4.2), CF (6.1), Prior NTM-PD (13.9) |
|
| |||||
| Croatia (2006–2015)139 | D: 137 | Median: 66 | 47.5 | 45.3/29.2/27.7 | Asthma (2.2), Prior NTM-PD (5.1) |
|
| |||||
| France (2002–2013)140 | D: 92 | Median: 61.5 | 42.4 | 14.1/17.4/12 | All (46.7)* |
|
| |||||
| France (2009–2014)141 | D: 477 | Median: 65 | 29.6–56.2# | -/-/31.4 | All (68)* |
|
| |||||
| France (2010–2017)69 | D: 5628 (ICD–10 or suggestive medication) | 60.9 | 47.1 | 18.8/10.6/14.1 | CF (3.2), Lung Cancer (5.7) |
|
| |||||
| Germany (2009–2014)72 | D: 85–126 per year (ICD-10) (2009–2014) | 55–61 (2009–2014) | 43.4–52.9 (2009–2014) | 62.4–79.2 (2009–2014)/6.6–18.3 (2009–2014)/13.5–24 (2009–2014) | Asthma (20.8–29.2) (2009–2014), Lung Cancer (3.5–10.3) (2009–2014) |
|
| |||||
| Germany (2010–2011)26 | D: 125 (ICD–10) | 49.8 | 50.4 | - | - |
|
| |||||
| Germany (2011–2016)71 | D: 218 (ICD-10, German modification) | 61.4 | 41.3 | 46.3/10.1/17 | Asthma (25.2). ILD (3.7) |
|
| |||||
| Greece (January 2007–May 2013)84 | I: 62 | – | – | 42/35/13 | Asthma (6.4) CF (1.6) |
| D: 12 | - | - | 50/25/41 | Asthma (8.3) | |
|
| |||||
| The Netherlands (2008–2013)144 | D: 63 | 60.8 | 50.8 | 66.7–71.4#/-/10.5–14.3# | Asthma (1.6–15.8#), Lung Cancer (5.3–14.3#) |
|
| |||||
| Poland (2010–2015)145 | D: 36 | 58.5 | 83.3 | 19/33/28 | Asthma (6), CF (8), ILD (28), Lung Cancer (16.7) |
|
| |||||
| Portugal (2002–2012)73 | D: 632 (NTM–PD treatment)† | Median: 54 | 39.7 | 6.3/-/- | ILD (3.3) |
|
| |||||
| Serbia (2009–2016)148 | D: 85† | 59.2 | 34.1 | 40/10/13 | - |
|
| |||||
| Serbia (2010–2015)74 | D: 126+ | 65.4 | 47.6 | - | - |
|
| |||||
| Spain (1997–2016)78 | D: 327 | 56.8 | 28.8 | 30.1/29.3/- | Any (56)* |
|
| |||||
| The United Kingdom (2007–2014)152 | D: 112 | 65 | 51.8 | 44.5/38.4/9.8 | Asthma (16.9), ILD (5.4) |
|
| |||||
|
| |||||
| East Asia | |||||
|
| |||||
| Location (dates) | N | Mean Age (years) | Female (%) | COPD (%)/ Bronchiectasis (%)/History of TB (%) | Other Pulmonary Disease (%) |
|
| |||||
| China (2010–2015)120 | D: 72 | 54.1 | 47.2 | 8.3/6.9/15.3 | Silicosis (2.8) |
|
| |||||
| China (2013–2016)157 | D: 607 | - | 56.2 | 4.1/58.6/59.6 | - |
|
| |||||
| China (2014–2021)119 | I: 1755 | - | 53.6 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| China (2015–2020)118 | I: 789 | Median: 36 | 39.0 | -/-/22.4 | - |
|
| |||||
| China (2017–2018)158 | D: 87 | Median: 60 | 41.4 | 6.9/19.5/64.4 | - |
|
| |||||
| China (2019–2020)117 | D: 458 | - | 34.9 | 9.2/26.2/45.6 | Asthma (2.2) |
|
| |||||
| Japan (2004–2006)23 | D: 309 (ICD-8–10, estimated from Death Statistics) | 67 | 64.7 | 3.2/4.2/19.1 | Asthma (3.2), ILD (1.3), Lung Cancer (1.3) |
|
| |||||
| Japan (1999–2010)165 | D: 782 | 68.1 | 68.5 | 4.3/-/11.6 | ILD (3.5) |
|
| |||||
| Japan (2000–2013)108 | D: 592+ | 66.0 | 61.1 | 6.4/-/9.5 | Asthma (6.3), ILD (6.6) |
|
| |||||
| Japan (2001–2009)132 | D: 975 | 71.2 | 69.7 | 5.8/0.3/13.5 | Asthma (1.8), ILD (4.0), Lung Cancer (5.5), Silicosis (1.3) |
|
| |||||
| Japan (2006–2016)109 | D: 2155+ | Median: 69 | 66.5 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| Japan (2009–2014)107 | D (Incident):11034 (2011) (ICD-10) | 69.3 | 69.6 | 6.9/23.5 /6.3 | Aspergillosis (6.1), ILD (9.9), Lung Cancer (5.3) |
|
| |||||
| Japan (2009–2015)160 | D: 114 | Median: 74–78.5# | 59–68# | (5–24)#/(11–15)#/(16–17)# | Asthma (8–17)#, ILD (5–8)# |
|
| |||||
| Japan (2013–2015)166 | D: 184++ | 69.5 | 75.5 | -/5.4/8.2 | - |
|
| |||||
| Japan (2012–2013)105 | D: 7167+ | 73.6** | 65.5** | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| Japan (2014)167 | D: 419 (ICD–10) | Median: 59 | 68 | 3.1/-/- | Aspergillosis (1.9), Asthma (18.3), DPB (1.6), ILD (6.0), Lung Cancer (4.5) |
|
| |||||
| South Korea (2001–2015)104 | D: 2329 | Median: 60 | 59 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| South Korea (2003–2016)98 | D: 46194 (ICD–10) | 55.8 | 61.1 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| South Korea (2006–2016)100 | D: 1017 | 62.7 | 58.8 | 13.5/83.9/48.3 | Asthma (7.3), Lung Cancer (4.0) |
|
| |||||
| South Korea (2007–2018)99 | D: 45321 (ICD–10) | - | 56.9 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| South Korea (2007–2019)102 | I: 2984† | - | 42.3 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| South Korea (2009–2015)133 | D: 52551 (ICD-10)† | 53.0 | 57.2 | 25.6/21.9/33.7 | Asthma (33.2), ILD (2.6), Lung Cancer (5.8) |
|
| |||||
| Taiwan (2000–2012)115 | D: 3317 | - | 42.3 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| Taiwan (2003–2018)113 | D(treatment case): 558 (ICD-9-CM)† | 62.5 | 42.5 | -/-/- | Chronic Lung Disease (42.8) |
|
| |||||
| Taiwan (2005–2013)112 | D: 450 (ICD-9-CM)† | - | 38 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| Taiwan (2007–2010)114 | I: 894 | - | 44.4 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| Taiwan (2010–2014)116 | D: 1674 | - | 44.3 | 23.4/15.6/25.4 | Asthma (5.2), ILD (6) |
|
| |||||
|
| |||||
| South-Southeast Asia | |||||
|
| |||||
| Location (dates) | N | Mean Age (years) | Female (%) | COPD (%)/ Bronchiectasis (%)/History of TB (%) | Other Pulmonary Disease (%) |
|
| |||||
| India (1981–2020)161 | D: 365 | - | 44 | -/3/65 | - |
|
| |||||
| India (2013–2015)126 | I: 263† | Median: 48 | 39.5 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| India (2015–2020)125 | I: 105† | - | 50.5 | 5.7/-/16.2 | - |
|
| |||||
| Pakistan (2016–2019)122 | I: 169 | Median: 45 | 39 | -/-/65 | - |
|
| |||||
| Singapore (2011–2012)162 | I: 485 | Median: 70 | 37.9 | 14.2/28.7/34.4 | Asthma (6.6); ILD (3.7) |
|
| |||||
| Singapore (2012–2016)163 | D: 352 | Median: 67 | 48.3 | 13.1/36.4/27.6 | Asthma (4.0) |
|
| |||||
|
| |||||
| Central & West Asia | |||||
|
| |||||
| Location (dates) | N | Mean Age (years) | Female (%) | COPD (%)/ Bronchiectasis (%)/History of TB (%) | Other Pulmonary Disease (%) |
|
| |||||
| Iran (2016–2018)123 | I: 95 | 47.4 | 42.1 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| Saudi Arabia (2006–2012)164 | D: 40 | 54 | 42 | 7.5/15/12 | Asthma (15), CF (2.5), ILD (10) |
|
| |||||
|
| |||||
| Oceania | |||||
|
| |||||
| Location (dates) | N | Mean Age (years) | Female (%) | COPD (%)/ Bronchiectasis (%)/History of TB (%) | Other Pulmonary Disease (%) |
|
| |||||
| Australia (2001–2016)41 | I: 12219† | Median: 66 | 50.1 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| Australia (2012–2015)3 | I: 1222† | Median: 66 | 51 | -/-/- | - |
|
| |||||
| Papua New Guinea (2010–2012)129 | I: 9 | 35.7 | 88.9 | -/-/- | - |
ICD-9 – International diagnostic classification of diseases – ninth revision
ICD-10 – International diagnostic classification of diseases – tenth revision
COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
TB – Tuberculosis
SGM – slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria
RGM – rapid-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria
ILD – Interstitial lung disease
DPB – Diffuse panbrochiolitis
CF – Cystic Fibrosis
All pulmonary comorbidities, including COPD, Bronchiectasis, History of TB
**
MAC patients only
†
Included patients with NTM isolated from extrapulmonary sites/specimens from extrapulmonary sites
+
NTM-PD defined using ATS microbiologic criteria
++
NTM-PD defined using full ATS criteria or 2008 Japanese Society for Tuberculosis/Japanese Respiratory Society Guidelines for the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary infection
#
Range by NTM species
##
Range by RGM and SGM
‡
Sub-analysis of study population