Table 2.

Crude and adjusted odds ratios of neurological disorders in HIV-infected persons

Variables	Crude OR (95% CI)	p-value	aAdjusted OR (95% CI)	p-value
Age (years)	1.11 (1.05–1.17)	<0.001*	1.10 (1.04–1.16)	<0.001*
Comorbidities (2 year before index date)
Dyslipidemia	0.98 (0.66–1.46)	0.936
Hepatitis C infection	2.01 (1.55–2.61)	< 0.001*	1.27 (0.95–1.69)	0.103
Substance use	2.06 (1.71–2.48)	<0.001*	1.35 (1.10–1.67)	0.005*
Alcoholism	3.71 (2.29–6.02)	< 0.001*	1.26 (0.74–2.16)	0.398
Traumatic brain injury	2.36 (1.54–3.63)	< 0.001*	1.69 (1.06–2.70)	0.026*
Sleep apnea	1.46 (0.46–4.57)	0.521
Sexually transmitted disease	0.77 (0.67–0.89)	0.001*	0.88 (0.76–1.03)	0.117
Diabetes mellitus	1.50 (1.00–2.26)	0.053	1.12 (0.72–1.73)	0.621
Psychiatric illness	1.76 (1.52–2.03)	<0.001*	1.34 (1.15–1.57)	<0.001*
HIV-associated OIs	1.35 (1.13–1.63)	0.001*	1.25 (1.03–1.52)	0.026*
Frequency of ED visits
None			Ref.
1–2 times annually	2.18 (1.92–2.48)	<0.001*	2.12 (1.86–2.41)	<0.001*
3–5 times annually	4.44 (3.69–5.34)	<0.001*	4.03 (3.34–4.87)	<0.001*
>5 times annually	7.67 (5.38–10.92)	<0.001*	5.90 (4.09–8.52)	<0.001*
cART adherence (in observation period)
<90%	Ref.		Ref.
≥90%	0.48 (0.26–0.88)	0.018*	0.37 (0.20–0.71)	0.003*
Urbanization
Urban	Ref.		Ref.
Suburban	1.07 (0.91–1.26)	0.415	0.95 (0.80–1.12)	0.524
Rural	1.61 (1.41–1.84)	<0.001*	1.31 (1.13–1.51)	<0.001*
Monthly income
NT$ ≤ 15,840	Ref.		Ref.
NT$ 15,841–25,000	0.91 (0.80–1.03)	0.117	0.98 (0.86–1.12)	0.807
≥ NT$ 25,001	0.48 (0.41–0.56)	<0.001*	0.61 (0.52–0.72)	<0.001*

OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, ED Emergency department, cART Combination antiretroviral therapy, NT$ New Taiwan dollar

^*p-value ≤ 0.05

^aAdjusted for age, hepatitis C infection, substance use, alcoholism, traumatic brain injury, sexually transmitted disease, psychiatric illness, HIV-associated OIs, frequency of ED visit, cART adherence, urbanization and monthly income